1.1 本规程包括进行耐用性测试。耐用性测试的目的是识别那些强烈影响特定测试方法提供的测量值的因素，并估计需要控制这些因素的程度。 1.2 这种做法仅限于每个因子有两个水平的实验设计。设计需要同时改变所有因素的水平，从而可以确定每个因素对测量结果的影响。 1.3 未规定本规程的单位制。实践中的尺寸量仅作为计算方法的说明。 这些示例对所处理的产品或测试方法没有约束力。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 耐用性测试是统计设计实验的特殊应用，该实验对测试方法变量（称为因子）进行更改，然后计算这些更改对测试结果的后续影响。因子是指测试方法或实验室环境的特征，已知这些特征在不同实验室中不同，并受测试方法的控制。 4.1.1 与对每个因素进行单独实验相比，统计设计能够更有效、更具成本效益地确定因素效应。所提出的设计易于用于开发评估定量测试方法所需的信息。 4.2 在耐用性测试中，两个 水平 （设置）对于每个因子，选择在高设置和低设置之间使用适度的分隔。一般来说，如果水平之间存在潜在差异，那么影响的大小将随着因子的高设置和低设置之间的间隔增加而增加。A. 跑 是在所研究的每个因素的规定设置下执行测试方法。耐用性测试由一组运行组成。 4.3 耐用性测试通常在单个实验室内对均匀材料进行，因此仅测量改变因素的影响。 结果可用于帮助确定试验方法中所述因素所需的控制程度。 4.4 耐用性测试应在实验室间（循环）研究之前进行，以纠正测试方法中的任何缺陷，也可能是开发标准测试方法的验证阶段的一部分，如指南中所述 E1488 . 4.5 本标准第节讨论了耐用性测试的设计和分析 5. 并包含一个基本的八次运行设计示例。由于可能存在交互作用，因此在解释结果时必须谨慎。当一个因素效应随实验设计中其他因素的水平变化时，就会出现这些效应。 如果认为变量之间可能存在相互作用，则需要对基本设计进行额外测试。这将在第节中讨论 6. . 此外 附件A3 介绍了复制运行设置时因子效应的精度估计。12次运行设计的示例如所示 附录X1 . 附件A1 和 附件A2 提供补充信息。

1.1 This practice covers conducting ruggedness tests. The purpose of a ruggedness test is to identify those factors that strongly influence the measurements provided by a specific test method and to estimate how closely those factors need to be controlled. 1.2 This practice restricts itself to experimental designs with two levels per factor. The designs require the simultaneous change of the levels of all of the factors, thus permitting the determination of the effects of each of the factors on the measured results. 1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 A ruggedness test is a special application of a statistically designed experiment that makes changes in the test method variables, called factors, and then calculates the subsequent effect of those changes upon the test results. Factors are features of the test method or of the laboratory environment that are known to vary across laboratories and are subject to control by the test method. 4.1.1 Statistical design enables more efficient and cost-effective determination of the factor effects than would be achieved if separate experiments were carried out for each factor. The proposed designs are easy to use in developing the information needed for evaluating quantitative test methods. 4.2 In ruggedness testing, the two levels (settings) for each factor are chosen to use moderate separations between the high and low settings. In general, if there is an underlying difference between the levels, then the size of effects will increase with increased separation between the high and low settings of the factors. A run is an execution of the test method under prescribed settings of each of the factors under study. A ruggedness test consists of a set of runs. 4.3 A ruggedness test is usually conducted within a single laboratory on uniform material, so that the effects of changing only the factors are measured. The results may then be used to assist in determining the degree of control required of factors described in the test method. 4.4 Ruggedness testing should precede an interlaboratory (round robin) study to correct any deficiencies in the test method and may also be part of the validation phase of developing a standard test method as described in Guide E1488 . 4.5 This standard discusses design and analysis of ruggedness testing in Section 5 and contains an example of a basic eight run design. Some caution must be used in interpretation of results, since interaction effects may be present. These effects are present when a factor effect changes with the level of other factors in the experimental design. If it is thought that there may be interaction between variables then additional testing of the basic design is necessary. This is discussed in Section 6 . In addition, Annex A3 presents estimates of precision of factor effects when run settings are replicated. An example of a twelve run design is shown in Appendix X1 . Annex A1 and Annex A2 provide supplemental information.