北极气候下建筑、地下设施和工程设施的设计和维修所采用的方法与温带地区所采用的方法大不相同，这是因为存在永久冻土，这是一层温度多年低于冰点的地面。从工程的角度来看，在温带地区采用的直接设计技术不再有效，往往会带来重大的施工问题。因此，设计师必须具备全面的知识，不仅要在要求的时间限制内满足紧急情况下的地下设施，同时保持设施的运行。 为此，本文介绍了永久冻土地区特有的一些实际工程设计考虑，以及一个案例研究，展示了在阿拉斯加空军基地发生大地震后修复受损蒸汽分配系统时遇到的一些挑战。特别是管道和部件尺寸的计算和测量，以考虑收缩。关键词:设计、建筑、北极地区、永久冻土、美国、工程、蒸汽、地下、操作、加热、通风、配电设备、管道、建筑服务、案例研究、防冻、恢复、热运动、块加热。 引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第97卷，Pt。1991年，纽约

The approaches used in the design and repair of buildings, underground utilities, and engineered facilities in arctic climates differ extensively from those used in temperate regions due to the presence of permafrost, a layer of ground where the temperature remains below the freezing point for several years. From an engineering standpoint, straightforward design techniques employed in temperate regions are no longer valid and often present major construction problems. Therefore, a designer must have a thorough knowledge, not only to satisfy underground utilities during emergencies within the required time constraints while maintaining the facilities' operations. To that end, this paper presents some practical engineering design considerations unique to permafrost regions, as well as a case study showing some of the challenges encountered in repairing a damaged steam distribution system of an air force base in Alaska following a major earthquake. Specifically calculations and measurements of pipe and component dimensions to allow for contraction.KEYWORDS: designing, buildings, arctic regions, permafrost, USA, engineering, steam, underground, operations, heating, ventilation, distribution equipment, pipes, building services, case studies, frost protection, restoring, thermal movement, block heating.