随着膜分离系统在水处理行业变得越来越普遍，需要一种完善的监测方法来确保膜屏障的完整性。在本研究中，完整性被定义为“处于完美状态”或按照制造商的预期运行。反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）膜的盐通过率较低。人们可以预期，排除溶解盐的屏障也会作为微生物屏障发挥作用。然而，RO和NF膜系统的出水非常纯净，很难在实际情况下进行任何测量- 时间意味着一个小小的失信。良好的完整性监测方法应该是:对市政水处理系统操作人员友好；膜专家和调节器可接受；并且，反映了一些真正的分离现象，这些现象可能与微生物突破的原因有关。微滤（MF）和超滤（UF）系统通过颗粒计数器、保压和真空测试进行监测。可对其进行修改，以便与RO和NF系统一起使用。此外，在线总有机碳（TOC）分析、紫外线监测、颗粒监测和染料挑战可能对更紧密的膜系统有用。 在本研究中，将这些方法与性能监测和铜绿假单胞菌计数进行比较，以确定其中任何一种方法是否适用于完整性监测。包括9个参考文献、表格、图表。

As membrane separation systems become more prevalent in the water treatmentindustry, a sound monitoring method will be needed to ensure the integrity of themembrane barrier. In this study, integrity is defined as "in perfectcondition" or operating as intended by the manufacturer. Reverse osmosis (RO) andnanofiltration (NF) membranes are intended to have a low rate of salt passage.One would expect that a barrier that excludes dissolved salts would also performwell as a microbiological barrier. However, the effluent from RO and NF membranesystems is so pure that it is difficult to measure anything in real-time thatwould indicate a small breach in integrity. A good integrity monitoring methodshould be: user friendly for municipal water treatment system operators;acceptable to membrane specialists and regulators; and, reflect some realseparation phenomena that can be correlated with a cause of microbiologicalbreak-through. Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems aremonitored with particle counters, pressure hold and vacuum tests. These may bemodified for use with RO and NF systems. Also on-line total organic carbon (TOC)analysis, UV monitoring, particle monitoring and dye challenges may be useful forthe tighter membrane systems. In this study these methods are compared toperformance monitoring and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) counts todetermine whether any of the methods would be suitable for integrity monitoring. Includes 9 references, tables, figures.