1.1 本指南涵盖了通过在线、自动分析、记录或以其他方式发出输出数据信号来选择、建立和应用碳和碳化合物监测系统。所选择的系统将取决于其预期用途（例如，法规合规性、过程监测或提醒用户注意不利趋势）以及要监测的水的类型（低纯度或高纯度，有或没有悬浮颗粒、可清洗有机物或无机碳）。如果要用于法规遵从性，则应将法规中公布或引用的测试方法与本指南和其他ASTM测试方法结合使用。 本指南涵盖0.05µg/L至50000 mg/L的碳浓度。低端灵敏度和定量结果可能因仪器而异。本指南涵盖了中列出的在线测量技术 表1 其他实验室测试方法可用:测试方法 第4129页 , 第4839天 , 第5904页 , 第6317页 和 D7573型 . 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 9 . 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 电子、生命科学和蒸汽发电行业对水中低水平和极低水平有机碳的精确测量特别感兴趣。 5.2 原水中有机物含量升高往往会降低离子交换树脂的容量。高纯水中有机物水平的升高往往有助于生物生长，在某些情况下，对需要高纯水的工艺直接有害。 5.3 在发电过程中，天然存在的有机物可以降解为一氧化碳 2. 以及低分子量有机酸，这些有机酸反过来对工艺设备具有腐蚀性。它们对电导率的影响也可能导致超过水化学操作参数，从而导致工厂关闭。卤化和磺化有机物可能无法通过导电性检测到，但在锅炉温度下会释放出具有高度腐蚀性的氯化物、硫酸盐等。 5.4 在其他行业的工艺用水中，有机碳可能意味着物质通过损坏的管道和部件泄漏，或产品损失达到不可接受的水平。 5.5 在污水处理中，进水和工艺水的有机碳测量有助于优化处理方案。排放时有机碳的测量可能有助于遵守法规。 5.6 在生命科学中，有机碳的控制对于证明某些类型的水域符合监管限制是必要的。

1.1 This guide covers the selection, establishment, and application of monitoring systems for carbon and carbon compounds by on-line, automatic analysis, and recording or otherwise signaling of output data. The system chosen will depend on the purpose for which it is intended (for example, regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user to adverse trends) and on the type of water to be monitored (low purity or high purity, with or without suspended particulates, purgeable organics, or inorganic carbon). If it is to be used for regulatory compliance, the test method published or referenced in the regulations should be used in conjunction with this guide and other ASTM test methods. This guide covers carbon concentrations of 0.05 µg/L to 50 000 mg/L. Low end sensitivity and quantitative results may vary among instruments. This guide covers the on-line measurement techniques listed in Table 1 . Additional laboratory test methods are available: Test Methods D4129 , D4839 , D5904 , D6317 , and D7573 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9 . 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Accurate measurement of organic carbon in water at low and very low levels is of particular interest to the electronic, life sciences, and steam power generation industries. 5.2 Elevated levels of organics in raw water tend to degrade ion exchange resin capacity. Elevated levels of organics in high purity water tend to support biological growth and, in some cases, are directly detrimental to the processes that require high purity water. 5.3 In power generation, naturally occurring organics can become degraded to CO 2 and low molecular weight organic acids that, in turn, are corrosive to the process equipment. Their effect on conductivity may also cause water chemistry operating parameters to be exceeded, calling for plant shutdown. Halogenated and sulfonated organics may not be detectable by conductivity but at boiler temperatures will release highly corrosive chlorides, sulfates, etc. 5.4 In process water in other industries, organic carbon can signify in-leakage of substances through damaged piping and components, or an unacceptable level of product loss. 5.5 In wastewater treatment, organic carbon measurement of influent and process water can help optimize treatment schemes. Measurement of organic carbon at discharge may contribute to regulatory compliance. 5.6 In life sciences, control of organic carbon is necessary to demonstrate compliance with regulatory limits for some types of waters.