1.1 本试验方法包括测定机织物和针织物中填充纱的弯曲和歪斜。 1.2 该测试方法也可用于测量印刷几何设计的弯曲和倾斜。 1.3 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致- 符合标准。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法被视为满足商业装运验收试验的要求。 5.1.1 如果两个实验室（或更多实验室）的报告测试结果之间存在实际意义上的差异，则应进行比较测试，以确定它们之间是否存在统计偏差，并使用适当的统计协助。作为最低要求，使用的测试样品应尽可能均匀，从获得不同测试结果的材料中提取，并以相同数量随机分配给每个实验室进行测试。 具有既定测试值的其他织物可用于此目的。应使用未配对数据的统计测试，在测试系列之前选择的概率水平上，比较两个实验室的测试结果。如果发现偏差，必须找到并纠正其原因，或者考虑到已知偏差，调整未来的测试结果。 5.2 通常根据特定织物卷中的最大弯曲或歪斜量来接受或拒绝单个卷。 一卷或一批中的平均弯曲或歪斜或一卷中的弯曲或歪斜范围可以确定，但通常不用于接受或拒绝交易。 5.3 在织物制造、染色、拉幅、整理或其他操作过程中，可能会产生弯曲或歪斜，其中存在张力在织物宽度上不均匀分布的可能性。弓形和斜纹在彩色图案织物（如格子布和水平条纹）中比在纯色中更令人不愉快，因为对比使变形更加突出。 这些缺陷可能导致此类织物的缝纫问题和成品的悬垂问题。在某些情况下，需要指定的倾斜量，例如，以防止斜纹织物制成的裤腿扭曲。从扭曲的图案中匹配格子可能会给服装制造商或家庭下水道带来严重问题。与从直线开始逐渐倾斜相比，领口线中的波浪状或尖锐断裂对衣服小部分（如领口、口袋等）的外观更为不利。 5.3.1 用于座椅靠垫、座垫、头枕和门板的汽车内饰织物可能容易弯曲和歪斜，尤其是当视觉图案织物连接或配合到直尺表面时。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of bow and skew of filling yarns in woven fabrics and the courses in knitted fabrics. 1.2 This test method can also be used to measure the bow and skew of printed geometric designs. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. 5.2 Individual rolls are normally accepted or rejected on the basis of the maximum amount of bow or skew in a specific roll of fabric. The average bow or skew in a roll or lot or the range of bow or skew in a roll may be determined but are not normally used in the trade for acceptance or rejection. 5.3 Bow or skew can be induced during fabric manufacturing, dyeing, tentering, finishing, or other operations where a potential exists for uneven distribution of tensions across the fabric width. Bow and skew are more visually displeasing in colored, patterned fabrics such as plaids and horizontal stripes rather than in solid colors because the contrast makes the distortion more prominent. These defects may cause sewing problems in such fabrics and draping problems in finished products. In some cases, a specified amount of skew is needed, for example, to prevent twisting of pant legs made of twill fabric. Matching plaids from distorted patterns may create serious problems for the garment manufacturer or home sewer. Wavy or sharp breaks in the bow line are more detrimental to the appearance of small parts of a garment (such as collars, pockets, and so forth) than a gradual slope from a straight line. 5.3.1 Automotive interior textiles used for seat bolsters, cushions, headrests and door panels may be susceptible to bow and skew, especially when visually patterned fabrics are joined or mated to a straight edge surface.