对六种商用家用黄铜厨房水龙头进行了为期12个月的研究，以确定在不同停滞时间以及在波特兰水务局水质实验室连续长期模拟住宅使用时铅和硒的总浸出量和颗粒浸出量。选择的水龙头代表不同的铅含量，包括一个用Envirobrass制造的水龙头，Envirobrass是一种铅含量低于0.25%的黄铜合金。对不同停滞时间的测试发现，Envirobrass水龙头和另一个水龙头在长达六小时的停滞时间内，1-L样品中没有可检测到的铅，而其他水龙头样品中的最大铅浓度为2µg/L，大大低于15µg/L的作用水平。 之后，使用四个60毫升样品和一个760毫升样品的顺序取样计划来监测水龙头铅释放的长期变化。将四个小初始样品的结果与重复水龙头的单独破坏性冶金分析进行比较，以确定释放铅的特定内部水龙头部件。最后的760毫升样品用于获得1-1毫升的骨料 样品在聚合的1-L样品中，水龙头的最大初始铅释放量在1至2µg/L之间进行计算，大多数水龙头的铅释放量在更低的0.1至1µg/L之间。对于一些水龙头，在60个样品中的每个样品中都检测到了非常低但可检测到的铅- mL样本，表明大多数（如果不是全部的话）内部金属水龙头部件中存在少量铅。对于其他水龙头，包括Envirobrass水龙头，只有一两个含有铅的水龙头部分被隔离出极低的铅释放。其余的水龙头部件没有铅，因此 对采样水中的铅没有任何影响。结果还发现，相同的水龙头铅释放量相差近两倍，Envirobrass水龙头的铅浸出率非常低，尽管可以检测到， 浓度。最后，由于水龙头内部长期钝化，持续使用水龙头发现铅释放缓慢减少。 所有样品中Envirobrass水龙头的硒释放量均为0.6µg/L或更低，显著低于50µg/L MCL。仅包括扩展摘要。

A 12-month study of six commercially available residential brass kitchen faucets was conducted to determine total and particulate lead and selenium leaching at various stagnation times as well as continuous long-term simulated residential use at the Portland Water Bureau's Water Quality Laboratory. The faucets were selected to represent varying lead content and included one faucet manufactured with Envirobrass, a brass alloy with a lead content of less than 0.25%.A test of varying stagnation times found that the Envirobrass faucet and one other faucet had no detectable lead in 1-L samples for stagnation times as long as six hours, while the maximum lead concentration in the samples of the other faucets were found to be 2 µg/L, substantially lower than the 15 µg/L action level.Afterwards, a sequential sampling plan of four 60-mL samples and one 760-mL sample was used to monitor the long-term changes in lead release from the faucets. The results of the four small initial samples were compared with a separate destructive metallurgical analysis of duplicate faucets to identify specific internal faucet components that were releasing lead. The final 760-mL sample was used to obtain an aggregate 1-L sample. The maximum initial lead release from the faucets was calculated between 1 and 2 µg/L in the aggregated 1-L sample, with most faucets having lead release between an even lower 0.1 and 1 µg/L. For some faucets, very low, but detectable, lead was detected in each of the 60-mL samples, indicating that low amounts of lead was present in most, if not all, of the interior metal faucet components.For other faucets, including the Envirobrass one, the very low lead release was isolated to only one or two parts of the faucet that contained lead. The remaining faucet components had no lead and therefore did not contribute to any lead in the sampled water. The results also found that identical faucet lead release varied by a factor of nearly two and that the Envirobrass faucet leached lead at very low, though detectable, concentrations. Finally, continuous use of the faucets found slowly decreasing lead release due to the long-term passivation of the faucet interiors.Selenium release from the Envirobrass faucet was found to be 0.6 µg/L or less in all samples, significantly less than the 50 µg/L MCL. Includes extended abstract only.