1.1本规程定义了术语和符号，并提供了一种系统方法来描述灯光、摄像机和主体的布置、照明特征、摄影过程的性质和观察系统。推荐拍摄某些常见形式标本的条件。虽然本规程一般适用于摄影文件，但其目的是用于描述参与测试的样本的摄影，并用于标准化特定类型样本的此类程序。本规程适用于宏观照相，但显微照相不在本规程范围内。 1.2 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 本规程为选择、规定、记录、沟通和标准化决定样本摄影图像性质的条件和过程提供了基础。当摄影图像用于保存或传达老化或应力试验中影响其外观的样本外观时，其规定特别有用。比较测试前后在相同条件下拍摄的照片，以说明外观的变化，这通常很有用。 本实践涉及相机技术和摄影过程的具体细节，因此最好由技术摄影师或接受过摄影科学培训的人来理解和实施。 要求拍摄照片的人必须向摄影师明确指出样本的哪些特征具有技术意义，因此他可以使用技术使这些特征在照片中清晰可见，而不会歪曲样本的外观。 本实践为展示照片以供查看、提供尺寸或比例指示、指示图片的方向以及参考图片上的特定点提供了有用的指导。这些技术对于撰写涉及样本外观插图的技术文献应该很有用。本规程的方法应在很大程度上有助于其他标准的准确性和精密度，这些标准依赖图片来指示某些外观属性的不同等级，例如起泡或开裂。 出于验收测试、制造控制和监管目的，最好采用测量，但在没有测量感兴趣外观属性的方法的情况下，制作良好的照片或其照相复制品可能是记录外观属性性质并向检查员传达的最佳可用方式。

1.1 This practice defines terms and symbols and provides a systematic method of describing the arrangement of lights, camera, and subject, the characteristics of the illumination, the nature of the photographic process, and the viewing system. Conditions for photographing certain common forms of specimens are recommended. Although this practice is applicable to photographic documentation in general, it is intended for use in describing the photography of specimens involved in testing and in standardizing such procedures for particular kinds of specimens. This practice is applicable to macrophotography but photomicrography is excluded from the scope of this practice. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== This practice provides a basis for choosing, specifying, recording, communicating, and standardizing the conditions and processes that determine the nature of a photographic image of a specimen. Its provisions are particularly useful when the photographic image is used to preserve or communicate the appearance of a specimen involved in an aging or stressing test that affects its appearance. It is often useful to compare photographs made under identical conditions before and after a test to illustrate a change in appearance. This practice deals with specific details of camera technique and the photographic process, so it will probably be best understood and implemented by a technical photographer or someone trained in photographic science. The person requiring the photograph must clearly indicate to the photographer what features of the specimen are of technical interest, so he may use techniques that make those features clearly evident in the photograph, without misrepresenting the appearance of the specimen. This practice provides useful guidance on presenting photographs for viewing, providing an indication of dimensions or scale, indicating the orientation of the picture, and referring to particular points on a picture. These techniques should be useful to those writing technical literature involving illustrations of the appearance of specimens. The methods of this practice should contribute materially to the accuracy and precision of other standards that rely on pictures to indicate various grades of some attribute of appearance, such as blistering or cracking. For acceptance testing, manufacturing control, and regulatory purposes, it is desirable to employ measurement, but in those cases where there are no methods of measuring the attribute of appearance of interest, well-made photographs or photomechanical reproductions of them may be the best available way to record and communicate to an inspector the nature of the attribute of appearance.