1.1 本规程涵盖非纤维可吸入气溶胶个人采样器性能的评估。根据特定的呼吸采样惯例对采样器进行评估。该公约是确定特定粒径分数以评估空气中颗粒物健康影响的几种公约之一。当健康影响评估基于特定公约时，宜使用该公约来设定工作场所和周围环境中的允许接触限值，并监测合规性。这些公约定义了可吸入、胸部和呼吸性气溶胶采样器的理想，现已被国际标准组织（ISO）采用 7708）、欧洲标准化委员会（CEN标准en 481）和美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH，参考 ( 1. ) ), 2. 发达的 ( 2. ) 部分来自参考文献中回顾的健康影响研究 ( 3. ) 部分原因是参考文献中提出的定义之间的折衷 ( 3. , 4. ) . 1.2 本规程是对试验方法的补充 D4532 ，它指定了一种特定的仪器，即10毫米旋风分离器。 3. 本规程中提出的取样器评估程序已应用于10 mm旋风分离器和Higgins-Dewell旋风分离器的测试。 3. , 4. 评估的细节已经公布 ( 5- 7. ) 并可纳入试验方法的修订版本中 D4532 . 1.3 本规程的中心目的是提供表征候选采样器采集的样本中浓度估计不确定性所需的信息。为此，可将此处给出的性能测试的采样精度数据与外部获得的分析和采样泵不确定性信息相结合。 实践应用ISO GUM的原则，扩展到涵盖职业卫生测量中常见的情况，其中测量值在时间和空间上都有显著变化。一般方法( 8. )处理这种情况与公差区间理论有关，可总结如下:采样/分析方法经过广泛评估，随后在每次测量时无需重新评估即可应用，同时采取预防措施（例如，通过质量保证计划）使方法保持稳定。然后通过指定评估置信度来表征测量不确定性（例如，95 %) 由测量确定的置信区间将被测值以优于给定速率（例如，95 %). 此外，候选气溶胶采样器和理想气溶胶采样器之间的系统差异可以表示为相对偏差，这已被证明是一个有用的概念，并包含在精度规范中( 3.2.13 , 3.2.13.1 , 3.2.13.3 ). 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种做法对于确定相对于理想采样约定的性能具有重要意义。 目的是多方面的: 5.1.1 这些公约与健康影响有着公认的联系，可以很容易地进行调整以适应新的发现。 5.1.2 性能标准允许仪器设计师寻求实际的取样器改进。 5.1.3 性能标准促进了对使用中的取样器进行持续的实验测试，从而了解影响取样器操作的重要变量（如风速、颗粒电荷等）。 5.2 性能测试的一个具体用途是确定给定候选采样器在监管采样中的应用效果。根据此处给出的评估测试测量候选采样器的精度。如果精度优于特定值，则可以针对特定应用使用取样器。 注1: 在某些情况下，选择用于合规性测定的采样器在暴露标准中规定。这样做是为了消除类似采样器之间的差异。取样器规范取代了呼吸采样惯例，消除了偏差( 3.2.6 )，则不出现在不确定性预算中。 5.3 虽然标准是根据主要针对合规性抽样的公认抽样惯例提出的，但也存在其他应用。例如，假设正在调查特定的气溶胶直径依赖性健康影响。然后，为了进行流行病学研究，需要一个能够反映感兴趣的直径依赖性的气溶胶采样器。然后，可以相对于修改的采样约定来确定采样器精度。

1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the performance of personal samplers of non-fibrous respirable aerosol. The samplers are assessed relative to a specific respirable sampling convention. The convention is one of several that identify specific particle size fractions for assessing health effects of airborne particles. When a health effects assessment has been based on a specific convention it is appropriate to use that same convention for setting permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment and for monitoring compliance. The conventions, which define inhalable, thoracic, and respirable aerosol sampler ideals, have now been adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO 7708), the Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, Ref ( 1 ) ), 2 developed ( 2 ) in part from health-effects studies reviewed in Ref ( 3 ) and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed in Refs ( 3 , 4 ) . 1.2 This practice is complementary to Test Method D4532 , which specifies a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone. 3 The sampler evaluation procedures presented in this practice have been applied in the testing of the 10-mm cyclone as well as the Higgins-Dewell cyclone. 3 , 4 Details on the evaluation have been published ( 5- 7 ) and can be incorporated into revisions of Test Method D4532 . 1.3 A central aim of this practice is to provide information required for characterizing the uncertainty of concentration estimates from samples taken by candidate samplers. For this purpose, sampling accuracy data from the performance tests given here can be combined with information as to analytical and sampling pump uncertainty obtained externally. The practice applies principles of ISO GUM, expanded to cover situations common in occupational hygiene measurement, where the measurand varies markedly in both time and space. A general approach ( 8 ) for dealing with this situation relates to the theory of tolerance intervals and may be summarized as follows: Sampling/analytical methods undergo extensive evaluations and are subsequently applied without re-evaluation at each measurement, while taking precautions (for example, through a quality assurance program) that the method remains stable. Measurement uncertainty is then characterized by specifying the evaluation confidence (for example, 95 %) that confidence intervals determined by measurements bracket measurand values at better than a given rate (for example, 95 %). Moreover, the systematic difference between candidate and idealized aerosol samplers can be expressed as a relative bias, which has proven to be a useful concept and is included in the specification of accuracy ( 3.2.13 , 3.2.13.1 , 3.2.13.3 ). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is significant for determining performance relative to ideal sampling conventions. The purposes are multifold: 5.1.1 The conventions have a recognized tie to health effects and can easily be adjusted to accommodate new findings. 5.1.2 Performance criteria permit instrument designers to seek practical sampler improvements. 5.1.3 Performance criteria promote continued experimental testing of the samplers in use with the result that the significant variables (such as wind speed, particle charge, etc.) affecting sampler operation become understood. 5.2 One specific use of the performance tests is in determining the efficacy of a given candidate sampler for application in regulatory sampling. The accuracy of the candidate sampler is measured in accordance with the evaluation tests given here. A sampler may then be adopted for a specific application if the accuracy is better than a specific value. Note 1: In some instances, a sampler so selected for use in compliance determinations is specified within an exposure standard. This is done so as to eliminate differences among similar samplers. Sampler specification then replaces the respirable sampling convention, eliminating bias ( 3.2.6 ), which then does not appear in the uncertainty budget. 5.3 Although the criteria are presented in terms of accepted sampling conventions geared mainly to compliance sampling, other applications exist as well. For example, suppose that a specific aerosol diameter-dependent health effect is under investigation. Then for the purpose of an epidemiological study an aerosol sampler that reflects the diameter dependence of interest is required. Sampler accuracy may then be determined relative to a modified sampling convention.