本文件包括天线发射和接收性能测量的推荐实施规程。这是对ANSI/IEEE Std 149？1979（IEEE Std 149-1963修订版）IEEE天线标准测试程序的全面修订和扩展。在本标准中，可以假设待测天线可被视为无源、线性和互易装置。因此，可以在发射或接收模式下测量其辐射特性。然而，所描述的许多测试实践可适用于包含有源、非线性或非互易电路元件的天线系统的测量。 在这些情况下，天线系统的发射和接收特性之间没有简单的关系。因此，应对天线系统设计使用的一种或多种模式进行测量。任何天线的基本特性都是其辐射方向图。本文讨论了天线测试装置中辐射方向图的测量。介绍了天线测试设施的设计，以及天线设施正确运行的仪器要求、评估（现有）范围的方向，并讨论了范围的运行。 对于空间的每个方向，辐射模式都以振幅、相位和极化为特征。通过测量这些参数，可以确定增益、方向性和辐射效率。从发电机到天线的功率传输由天线的输入阻抗控制。这个重要参数经常限制天线的有效带宽。描述了天线阻抗的测量程序和网络描述。辐射模式的测量包括误差。提出了一种不确定度分析方法，并对其适用于所述各种测试设施进行了讨论。 在本标准中，试图尽可能彻底地讨论测量技术。然而，一般来说，已经避免了逐步的程序描述。提供的参考文献说明了测量技术，可以在其中找到细节。

This document comprises recommended practices for the measurement of antenna transmitting and receiving properties. It is a comprehensive revision and extension of ANSI/IEEE Std 149-1979 (Revision of IEEE Std 149-1963) IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas. Throughout this standard it may be assumed that the antenna to be measured can be treated as a passive, linear, and reciprocal device. Therefore, its radiation properties can be measured in either the transmitting or the receiving mode. Many of the test practices described can, however, be adapted for use in the measurement of antenna systems containing circuit elements that may be active, nonlinear,or nonreciprocal. For these cases, there is no simple relationship between the antenna systems transmitting and receiving properties. Therefore, measurements should be performed for the mode or modes in which the antenna system has been designed to be used. A fundamental property of any antenna is its radiation pattern. The measurement of radiation patterns in an antenna test facility is discussed. The design of antenna test facilities is described along with instrumentation requirements for the proper operation of the antenna facility, directions for the evaluation of an (existing) range, and the operation of ranges is discussed. For each direction of space, the radiation pattern is characterized by amplitude, phase, and polarization. From the measurement of these parameters, gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency can be determined. Power transfer from generator to antenna is controlled by the input impedance to the antenna. This important parameter frequently limits the useful bandwidth of the antenna. Measurement procedures and network descriptions for antenna impedance are described. Measurement of the radiation pattern includes errors. A method of uncertainty analysis is presented and discussed for its applicability to the various test facilities described. Throughout this standard, attempts are made to discuss measurement techniques as thoroughly as is practicable. However, in general, step-by-step procedural descriptions have been avoided. References are provided that are illustrative of measurement techniques and in which details may be found.