1.1 本试验方法描述了使用重力驱动冲击试验来测量运动鞋鞋底中使用的缓冲系统和缓冲材料的某些冲击衰减特性。 1.2 该测试方法使用从30-70mm高度掉落的8.5kg质量来产生力-时间曲线，该曲线与步行、跑步和跳跃着陆时脚跟和前脚撞击时观察到的力-时间剖面相当。 1.3 本试验方法适用于完整运动鞋缓冲系统的脚跟和/或前脚区域。 运动鞋缓冲系统被定义为穿着者的脚和地面之间的所有材料层，通常被认为是鞋子的一部分。这可能包括以下任何组件:外底或其他耐磨外层、由柔性缓冲材料或结构组成的中底，形成中间层、鞋垫、鞋垫板或覆盖中底的其他材料层、延伸到脚下的鞋面和脚跟后帮加固部分，以及鞋内固定或可拆卸的鞋垫、鞋垫或其他缓冲层。 1.4 该试验方法也可用于测量缓冲系统部件和缓冲材料试样的冲击衰减。 1.5 本试验方法不适用于制造商归类为儿童鞋的鞋子的试验。 1.6 试样的类型、尺寸或尺寸和厚度、总能量输入和预先调节应使本试验方法获得的试验结果合格。 1.6.1 测试结果的范围受到测试设备力传感器校准范围的限制。 薄试样、高试样刚度和高总能量输入的组合可能会产生超过传感器容量的力，因此无法测量。在实践中，指定的力传感器范围（10 kN）可容纳99%以上的典型鞋底和缓冲材料试样，这些试样的厚度为7 mm或以上，总能量输入为5焦耳。 1.6.2 对于在正常使用过程中受到中度冲击的鞋子，如跑鞋，本试验方法施加的总能量输入的标称值为5 J。 7.0 J和3.0 J的总能量输入可用于在正常使用过程中承受更高冲击载荷的鞋子（如篮球鞋）。如果报告中有说明，可以使用其他总能量输入值。 1.6.3 使用不同总能量输入或不同质量进行的测试结果不能直接比较。 1.6.4 试样厚度对冲击衰减结果有显著影响。因此，不同厚度材料试样的测试结果不能直接比较。 1.6.5 缓冲材料的冲击衰减可能会随着时间的推移和使用（如磨损或耐久性测试）或之前的调节（如之前的测试）而变化。因此，使用该试验方法获得的试验结果应通过样品的年龄和先前调节来鉴定。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的值应被视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试方法被运动鞋制造商和其他人使用，既可以作为开发运动鞋缓冲系统的工具，也可以作为测试运动鞋产品、材料和部件的一般缓冲特性的工具。遵守本测试方法的要求和建议将提供可重复的结果，可以在实验室之间进行比较。 5.2 通过这些程序获得的数据表明了运动鞋缓冲系统在所采用的特定条件下的冲击衰减。 5.3 该测试方法旨在提供运动鞋缓冲系统在基本单轴冲击载荷下的力与位移响应数据，其速率与不同运动活动中脚跟和前脚的冲击速率相似。 5.4 力、加速度、位移和应变的峰值或最大值取决于施加到试样上的总冲击能量。这些值被归一化，以提供总能量输入参考值的比较结果。 5.5 冲击衰减结果强烈依赖于初始条件（冲击质量、冲击速度、接触面积等）以及试样尺寸和试样先前的压缩载荷历史。因此，仅应比较具有相同标称尺寸和先前调节的试样的结果。 注1: 已经发现冲击试验结果与跑步者所经历的体内载荷（峰值地面反作用力、峰值足底压力、下肢加速度）相关。 还发现了测试结果与缓冲主观感知之间的关系。然而，没有直接证据表明该测试方法的得分与特定运动鞋产品使用者受伤的概率之间存在相关性。

1.1 This test method describes the use of a gravity-driven impact test to measure certain impact attenuation characteristics of cushioning systems and cushioning materials employed in the soles of athletic shoes. 1.2 This test method uses an 8.5 kg mass dropped from a height of 30-70 mm to generate force-time profiles that are comparable to those observed during heel and forefoot impacts during walking, running and jump landings. 1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and or forefoot regions of whole, intact athletic shoe cushioning systems. An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all of the layers of material between the wearer's foot and the ground surface that are normally considered a part of the shoe. This may include any of the following components: outsole or other abrasion resistant outer layer, a midsole of compliant cushioning materials or structures forming an intermediate layer, an insole, insole board, or other material layers overlying the midsole, parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcement which extend beneath the foot, and an insock, sockliner or other cushioning layers, either fixed or removable, inside the shoe. 1.4 This test method may also be employed in to measure the impact attenuation of cushioning system components and cushioning material specimens. 1.5 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoes classified by the manufacturer as children's shoes. 1.6 The type, size or dimensions and thickness of the specimen, the total energy input and prior conditioning shall qualify test results obtained by this test method. 1.6.1 The range of tests results is limited by the calibrated range of the test device’s force transducer. Combinations of thin specimens, high specimen stiffness and high total energy input may produce forces that exceed the transducer’s capacity and are hence not measurable. In practice, the specified force transducer range (10 kN) accommodates more than 99 % of typical shoe soles and cushioning material specimens that are 7 mm or more in thickness at a total energy input of 5 Joules. 1.6.2 The nominal value of the total energy input applied by this test method is 5 J for shoes, such as running shoes, which are subject to moderate impacts during normal use. Total energy inputs of 7.0 J and 3.0 J may be used for shoes (e.g basketball shoes) which are subject to higher impact loads during normal use. Other values of total energy input may be used, if they are stated in the report. 1.6.3 Results from tests performed with different total energy inputs or with different masses are not directly comparable. 1.6.4 Specimen thickness has a significant effect on impact attenuation outcomes. Consequently, results from tests of material specimens of different thicknesses cannot be directly compared. 1.6.5 The impact attenuation of cushioning materials may change over time and with use (e.g. wear or durability testing) or prior conditioning (e.g. from previous tests). Consequently, test results obtained using this test method shall be qualified by the age and prior conditioning of the samples. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is used by athletic footwear manufacturers and others, both as a tool for development of athletic shoe cushioning systems and as a test of the general cushioning characteristics of athletic footwear products, materials and components. Adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide repeatable results that can be compared among laboratories. 5.2 Data obtained by these procedures are indicative of the impact attenuation of athletic shoe cushioning systems under the specific conditions employed. 5.3 This test method is designed to provide data on the force versus displacement response of athletic footwear cushioning systems under essentially uniaxial impact loads at rates that are similar to those of heel and forefoot impacts during different athletic activities. 5.4 The peak or maximum values of force, acceleration, displacement, and strain are dependent on the total impact energy applied to the specimen. These values are normalized to provide comparative results for a reference value of total energy input. 5.5 Impact attenuation outcomes are strongly dependent on initial conditions (impact mass, impact velocity, contact area, etc.) and on specimen size and the specimen’s prior history of compressive loading. Therefore results should be compared only for specimens of the same nominal size and prior conditioning. Note 1: Impact test outcomes have been found to correlate with in-vivo loads (peak ground reaction force, peak plantar pressure, lower extremity acceleration) experienced by runners. Relationships between test outcomes and subjective perceptions of cushioning have also been found. However, there is no direct evidence of a correlation between scores on this test method and the probability of injury among users of a particular athletic footwear product.