1.1 法医油漆分析和比较通常通过样本大小来区分，这排除了许多标准工业油漆分析程序或协议的应用。法医油漆检验员必须解决诸如案件或调查、样本大小、复杂性和条件、环境影响和收集方法等问题。这些因素要求法医油漆检验员选择适合每个具体案例的测试方法、样品制备方案、测试顺序以及样品更改和消耗程度。 1.2 本指南旨在介绍油漆和涂料法医检验的标准指南。它旨在帮助进行法医油漆分析的个人评估、选择和应用对其调查有价值的测试。 本指南描述了使用高效合理的测试顺序开发歧视性信息的方法。还讨论了验证方法和质量保证指南的需要。本文件不是用于分析和比较涂料的详细方法说明或刚性方案，而是用于指导每种分析方法的强度和局限性。目标是提供一致的法医油漆分析方法。 1.3 本指南不能取代通过适当教育、培训和经验获得的知识、技能或能力，应与良好的专业判断结合使用。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本指南中讨论的一些方法涉及使用危险化学品、温度和辐射源。本指南无意解决与其应用相关的可能安全隐患或预防措施。本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 6.1 本指南旨在帮助法医油漆检验员选择和组织用于识别和比较油漆和涂层的分析方案。样品的大小和条件将影响所选的分析方案。

1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typically distinguished by sample size that precludes the application of many standard industrial paint analysis procedures or protocols. The forensic paint examiner must address concerns such as the issues of a case or investigation, sample size, complexity and condition, environmental effects, and collection methods. These factors require that the forensic paint examiner choose test methods, sample preparation schemes, test sequence, and degree of sample alteration and consumption that are suitable to each specific case. 1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standard guides for forensic examination of paints and coatings. It is intended to assist individuals who conduct forensic paint analyses in their evaluation, selection, and application of tests that can be of value to their investigations. This guide describes methods to develop discriminatory information using an efficient and reasonable order of testing. The need for validated methods and quality assurance guidelines is also addressed. This document is not intended as a detailed methods description or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of paints, but as a guide to the strengths and limitations of each analytical method. The goal is to provide a consistent approach to forensic paint analysis. 1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve the use of dangerous chemicals, temperatures, and radiation sources. This guide does not purport to address the possible safety hazards or precautions associated with its application. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 This guide is designed to assist the forensic paint examiner in selecting and organizing an analytical scheme for identifying and comparing paints and coatings. The size and condition of the sample(s) will influence the selected analytical scheme.