1.1 这些实践包括检测进料或浓缩物或两者与渗透物之间直接连通的泄漏。反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）装置的各种配置可能会导致几种类型的泄漏。 1.2 泄漏类型: 1.2.1 对于中空纤维装置，通过管板和管板O形圈的泄漏可能会将进料或浓缩物泄漏或两者都泄漏到渗透流中。这些做法不包括光纤断裂造成的“泄漏”。 1.2.2 使用螺旋缠绕装置时，可能会因穿刺或划痕、胶水等损坏膜表面而发生泄漏- 管道故障以及产品管道互连器上的O形圈泄漏。 1.2.3 对于管状装置，由于膜损坏、管端密封泄漏以及破裂的管道或产品集管泄漏可能会导致泄漏。 1.3 三种泄漏测试实践如下: 小节 空心A型管板和O型环泄漏试验规程 光纤设备 8. 到 9 实施规程B—缠绕装置的真空试验 10 到 12 螺旋缠绕和管状装置的C染色试验规程 13 到 18 1.4 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他测量单位。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 如果要确认RO或NF装置的机械完整性，则可使用这些实践来确定该装置是否无泄漏。它们也可用于检测RO或NF装置中的泄漏，这些装置的运行性能表明可能存在泄漏。这些实践可用于新设备或旧设备。

1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a direct communication between the feed or concentrate, or both, and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) devices. 1.2 Types of Leaks: 1.2.1 With hollow-fiber devices, feed or concentrate leakage, or both, into the permeate stream by leaks through the tube sheet and past the tube sheet O-ring are possible. “Leaks” caused by broken fibers are not covered by these practices. 1.2.2 With spiral-wound devices, leaks may occur through damage of the membrane surface itself by punctures or scratches, by glue-line failure, and by O-ring leaks on product tube interconnectors. 1.2.3 With tubular devices, leaks due to membrane damage, tube end seal leaks, and leaks from broken tubes or product headers are possible. 1.3 Three leak test practices are given as follows: Sections Practice A—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow Fiber Devices 8 to 9 Practice B—Vacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices 10 to 12 Practice C—Dye Test for Spiral Wound and Tubular Devices 13 to 18 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These practices may be used to determine whether a RO or NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of the device is to be confirmed. They may also be used to detect leaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performance indicates a possible leak. These practices may be used for either new or used devices.