1.1 本试验方法建立了一个程序，用于测量钢对延迟失效（如氢引起的失效）的敏感性。它通过使用标准断裂力学试样、不规则形状的试样（如缺口圆钢）或实际产品（如紧固件）测量亚临界裂纹扩展开始的阈值来实现 ( 2. ) SAE J78、J81和J1237中规定的（螺纹或无螺纹）弹簧或部件。 1.2 本试验方法用于定量评估: 1.2.1 不同成分钢或不同热处理钢的相对磁化率； 1.2.2 钢中残余氢在加工过程中的影响，如熔化、热机械加工、表面处理、涂层和电镀； 1.2.3 外部环境中的氢源，如流体和清洁剂、维护化学品、石化产品和水环境中的电偶联会，导致氢进入钢中。 1.3 试验在空气中进行，以测量因加工（IHE）而在钢中残留氢的影响，或在受控环境中进行，以测量因外部氢源（EHE）而引入钢中的氢的影响，详见ASTM STP 543。 1.4 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 注1: 以公制单位表示的值可能不是精确的等效值。需要通过适当的转换因子对英寸-磅单位进行转换，以获得精确的等效性。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试方法用于研究、设计、服务评估、制造控制和开发。该试验方法定量测量了设计或失效分析中使用的应力参数，其中考虑了环境暴露的影响，包括在加工过程中发生的影响，如电镀 ( 8. ) （ASTM STP 962）。 5.2 对于电镀工艺，σ的值 th IHE公司 用于定量指定给定结构或产品的最大工作应力。 5.3 出于质量控制目的，设计了一种使用指定加载速率的加速试验，该加载速率等于或低于确定阈值应力所需的加载速率（参见 8.1 ). 5.4 对于紧固件，σ的值 th IHE公司 用于定量规定安装和使用期间的最大应力，以避免因加工而导致钢中残留氢导致过早失效。 5.5 对于紧固件，σ的值 th EHE公司 用于定量指定安装和使用期间的最大应力，以避免暴露于特定环境期间吸收的氢导致故障。 5.6 为了测量钢对各种制造过程中氢吸收的相对敏感性，使用一个选定的判别率来对各种材料的氢脆抗力进行排序。 5.7 附件A1 描述了本标准试验方法在紧固件氢脆试验中的应用。

1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners ( 2 ) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237. 1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively: 1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments; 1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating; 1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment. 1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 1: The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating ( 8 ) (ASTM STP 962). 5.2 For plating processes, the value of σ th-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product. 5.3 For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1 ). 5.4 For fasteners, the value of σ th-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing. 5.5 For fasteners, the value of σ th-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment. 5.6 To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement. 5.7 Annex A1 describes the application of this standard test method to hydrogen embrittlement testing of fasteners.