1.1 本指南概述了测量油井流量的方法。本指南是通过单井或多井试验现场确定含水层系统水力特性的一系列标准的组成部分。井流量测量是确定含水层和井水力特性的常见要求。 1.2 本指南没有为所述的任何方法建立固定程序。相反，它描述了测量泵井或自喷井流量的不同方法。抽油井是一种控制井。控制井也可以是注入井或进行段塞测试的井。 1.3 本指南不涉及设计用于测量钻孔内垂直或水平流量的钻孔流量计。 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值[括号内]应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。以国际单位制以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.5 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。 本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.6 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.6.1 用于指定如何在标准中收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 此外，用户有责任妥善处理排放的水。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南仅限于描述测量控制井地下水排放的典型测试方法。 4.1.1 受控现场试验是确定含水层性质的主要手段。为分析现场试验而开发的大多数数学方程需要测量控制井流量。 4.1.2 可能需要排放以评估油井设计和效率。 4.1.3 对于含水层测试，应准备一个概念模型，以评估适当的测试方法和物理测试要求，例如油井布置和设计（见指南） D4043号 ). 检查现场数据是否与概念模型一致。酌情修改概念模型，并考虑对计划活动的影响。 4.1.4 对于含水层测试，排放率应足以在不违反测试假设的情况下造成含水层的显著应力。可能违反测试假设的条件包括含水层从承压条件转换为非承压条件，将控制井中的水位降低到井网顶部以下，导致井网入口速度，从而在测试期间促进油井开发，或降低过滤器组渗透性特征。 4.1.5 此处描述的一些测试方法不适用于注入井测试。 4.2 本指南不适用于测量工业操作中使用的其他流体（如废水、污泥、油和化学品）流量的测试方法。 注1: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This guide covers an overview of methods to measure well discharge. This guide is an integral part of a series of standards prepared on the in-situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Measurement of well discharge is a common requirement to the determination of aquifer and well hydraulic properties. 1.2 This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for any method described. Rather, it describes different methods for measuring discharge from a pumping or flowing well. A pumping well is one type of control well. A control well can also be an injection well or a well in which slug tests are conducted. 1.3 This guide does not address borehole flow meters that are designed for measuring vertical or horizontal flow within a borehole. 1.4 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Furthermore, it is the user's responsibility to properly dispose of water discharged. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is limited to the description of test methods typical for measurement of ground water discharge from a control well. 4.1.1 Controlled field tests are the primary means of determining aquifer properties. Most mathematical equations developed for analyzing field tests require measurement of control well discharge. 4.1.2 Discharge may be needed for evaluation of well design and efficiency. 4.1.3 For aquifer tests, a conceptual model should be prepared to evaluate the proper test method and physical test requirements, such as well placement and design (see Guide D4043 ). Review the site data for consistency with the conceptual model. Revise the conceptual model as appropriate and consider the implications on the planned activities. 4.1.4 For aquifer tests, the discharge rate should be sufficient to cause significant stress of the aquifer without violating test assumptions. Conditions that may violate test assumptions include conversion of the aquifer from confined to unconfined conditions, lowering the water level in the control well to below the top of the well screen, causing a well screen entrance velocity that promotes well development during the test, or decreasing the filter pack permeability characteristics. 4.1.5 Some test methods described here are not applicable to injection well tests. 4.2 This guide does not apply to test methods used in measurement of flow of other fluids used in industrial operations, such as waste water, sludge, oil, and chemicals. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.