本论文的目的是:从微滤（MF）、超滤（UF）和纳滤（NF）污染的角度介绍集成膜系统在水处理方面的功效；以及，将污垢与100 mgd设施的资本、运营和维护成本联系起来。在美国弗吉尼亚州北部的一座水库上进行的实验采用了三座中试工厂。其中两个是低压膜厂:一个UF中试，使用了一种由纤维素衍生物制成的10万分子量截止膜；以及使用标称孔径为0.2μm的聚丙烯膜的MF先导。每一个都设计为每分钟5到15加仑的渗透流量。这些工厂的渗透液为NF工厂的四个独立压力容器提供了水源。 因此，两套相同的NF膜从UF和MF先导垫木接收预处理水。包括参考，数字。

The objectives of this paper are: to present the efficacy of integrated membrane systems for water treatment in terms of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) fouling; and, to relate fouling to capital and operation and maintenance costs for a 100 mgd facility. Three pilot plants were employed for experiments conducted on a reservoir in Northern Virginia in the United States. Two were low pressure membrane plants: a UF pilot which employed a 100,000 molecular weight cutoff membrane fabricated from a cellulosic derivative; and a MF pilot employing a polypropylene membrane with a 0.2 um nominal pore size. Each were designed for permeate flow rates of 5 to 15 gallons per minute. The permeate from these plants fed four separate pressure vessels on the NF plant. Thus, two identical sets of NF membranes received pretreated water from both UF and MF pilot skids. Includes reference, figures.