1.1 本试验方法包括使用配备积分球的分光光度计测量材料的光谱吸收率、反射率和透射率。 1.2 规定了根据实测光谱值计算太阳加权特性的方法。 1.3 本试验方法适用于具有镜面反射和漫反射光学特性的材料。 1.4 本试验方法适用于涂有光学涂层的材料，并特别考虑对受试材料纹理的影响。 1.5 对于不均匀、有纹理、有图案或有波纹的透射板材料，需要特别考虑本试验方法的适用性。 试验方法 E1084 可能更适合于确定纹理或不均匀材料的体光学特性。 1.6 对于均质材料，该试验方法优于试验方法 E1084 . 1.7 本试验方法适用于使用标准参考太阳光谱分布的应用，但只要报告了太阳光谱分布和权重的来源和细节，就可以使用替代选择的光谱。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 太阳能吸收率、反射率和透射率在从被动建筑系统到中央接收器电力系统的所有太阳能系统的性能中都很重要。本试验方法提供了一种在固定条件下确定这些值的方法，这些条件表示在温带使用系统期间会遇到的平均值。 5.2 太阳能吸收率、反射率和透射率对于航天器的热控制和地外系统的太阳能发电至关重要。该测试方法还提供了一种确定地外条件下这些值的方法。 5.3 本试验方法旨在提供适用于实验室之间或同一实验室在不同时间的结果比较以及不同材料上获得的数据比较的可再现数据。 5.4 这种测试方法对于具有镜面反射和漫反射光学特性的光滑材料是实用的。需要特别考虑具有纹理、不均匀、图案或波纹的材料。 5.4.1 表面粗糙度可通过物理或化学过程引入，例如在材料上压制、轧制、蚀刻或沉积薄膜或化学层，从而产生纹理表面。 5.4.2 与分光光度计组件和附件（光束尺寸、球面孔径、样品架配置）相关的表面粗糙度的大小可能会显著影响使用该测试方法的测量精度。 5.4.3 即使纹理材料测量的重复性或精度良好，包括在样品内不同位置或方向的重复测量，不同实验室中不同分光光度计的不同特性可能会导致测量结果的显著差异。 5.4.4 在以下情况下: 5.4.3 术语“显著”是指通过测量或使用标准参考材料校准，超过所涉及分光光度计的校准或测量不确定度或两者的差异。 5.4.5 注意事项 5.4.3 和 5.4.4 也适用于光滑不均匀或扩散材料的测量，其中入射光可能传播到测试材料的边缘，并在测量中“丢失”。 5.5 本试验方法描述了在比人眼明视反应更宽的光谱范围内完成的测量。测量通常在室内进行，使用的光源不是自然阳光，但也可以像在实践中一样配置使用自然阳光作为照明源的系统 E424 . 实践 E971 描述了在人眼光谱响应范围内使用自然阳光的室外方法。 5.6 光栅衍射的光通常具有明显的偏振。对于极化样品，测量数据将是样品方向的函数。极化效应可以通过测量样品，并围绕样品法线以不同角度旋转来检测。

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of spectral absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance of materials using spectrophotometers equipped with integrating spheres. 1.2 Methods of computing solar weighted properties from the measured spectral values are specified. 1.3 This test method is applicable to materials having both specular and diffuse optical properties. 1.4 This test method is applicable to material with applied optical coatings with special consideration for the impact on the textures of the material under test. 1.5 Transmitting sheet materials that are inhomogeneous, textured, patterned, or corrugated require special considerations with respect to the applicability of this test method. Test Method E1084 may be more appropriate to determine the bulk optical properties of textured or inhomogeneous materials. 1.6 For homogeneous materials this test method is preferred over Test Method E1084 . 1.7 This test method refers to applications using standard reference solar spectral distributions but may be applied using alternative selected spectra as long as the source and details of the solar spectral distribution and weighting are reported. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Solar-energy absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance are important in the performance of all solar energy systems ranging from passive building systems to central receiver power systems. This test method provides a means for determining these values under fixed conditions that represent an average that would be encountered during use of a system in the temperate zone. 5.2 Solar-energy absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance are important for thermal control of spacecraft and the solar power of extraterrestrial systems. This test method also provides a means for determining these values for extraterrestrial conditions. 5.3 This test method is designed to provide reproducible data appropriate for comparison of results among laboratories or at different times by the same laboratory and for comparison of data obtained on different materials. 5.4 This test method has been found practical for smooth materials having both specular and diffuse optical properties. Materials that are textured, inhomogeneous, patterned, or corrugated require special consideration. 5.4.1 Surface roughness may be introduced by physical or chemical processes, such as pressing, rolling, etching, or deposition of films or chemical layers on materials, resulting in textured surfaces. 5.4.2 The magnitude of surface roughness with respect to the components of the spectrophotometer and attachments (light beam sizes, sphere apertures, sample holder configuration) can significantly affect the accuracy of measurements using this test method. 5.4.3 Even if the repeatability, or precision of the measurement of textured materials is good, including repeated measurements at various locations within or orientations of the sample, the different characteristics of different spectrophotometers in different laboratories may result in significant differences in measurement results. 5.4.4 In the context of 5.4.3 , the term ‘significant’ means differences exceeding the calibration or measurement uncertainty, or both, established for the spectrophotometers involved, through measurement of or calibration with standard reference materials. 5.4.5 The caveats of 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 apply as well to measurement of smooth inhomogeneous or diffusing materials, where incident light may propogate to the edge of the test material and be ‘lost’ with respect to the measurement. 5.5 This test method describes measurements accomplished over wider spectral ranges than the Photopic response of the human eye. Measurements are typically made indoors using light sources other than natural sunlight, though it is possible to configure systems using natural sunlight as the illumination source, as in Practice E424 . Practice E971 describes outdoor methods using natural sunlight over the spectral response range of the human eye. 5.6 Light diffracted by gratings is typically significantly polarized. For polarizing samples, measurement data will be a function of the orientation of the sample. Polarization effects may be detected by measuring the sample with rotation at various angles about the normal to the samples.