在干旱期间处理缺水问题通常是最重要的 水务管理面临的棘手问题。时间、持续时间和严重性 他们总是不确定。标记了渐进式供水设施的干旱应急计划 通过四个一致且占主导地位的特征。首先是准确评估 可靠的可用供应量，反映了大自然的变幻莫测， 环境约束、设施的运行限制和相互依赖 供应来源。第二个特点是，水资源需求是通过 充分反映潜在需求变化的技术。第三个特点 一个健全的干旱应急计划的一个重要方面是，干旱和干旱的日益严重 可用供水量的减少与减少用水需求的措施相匹配。这个 第四，也是最后一个，唯一的特点是，该计划在应用上具有灵活性 干旱期间的情况无法事先预测。干旱应急计划 根据《干旱记录》提供了有用的指导，但任何后续的干旱 将有不同的模式，需要不同的响应。 本文通过实例阐述了干旱应急预案的方法和特点 两个案例研究。首先是一个中西部城市，有225000名居民使用冲积物 地下水供应。第二个是东部公用事业公司，有四个水库供供水。包括表格、数字。

Dealing with the curtailment of water supplies during drought is frequently the most refractory problem faced by water utility management. The timing, duration, and severity are always uncertain. Drought contingency plans of progressive water utilities are marked by four consistent and dominant characteristics. First is an accurate evaluation of the dependable yield of available supplies which reflects the vagaries of nature, environmental constraints, operating limits of facilities, and interdependence among sources of supply. The second hallmark is that water requirements are projected with technologies that fully reflect the potential variation in demand. The third characteristic of a sound drought contingency plan is that the increasing severity of drought and reduction in available supply is matched with measures to reduce water demands. The fourth, and final, single characteristic is that the plan has flexibility in application as all conditions during a drought can't be predicted beforehand. A drought contingency plan based on the "drought of record" provides useful guidance, but any subsequent drought will have a different pattern and require a different response. Approaches for and characteristics of drought contingency plans are illustrated in this paper through two case studies. First is a Midwestern city of 225,000 residents using alluvial groundwater for supply. Second is an Eastern utility with four reservoirs for supply. Includes tables, figures.