1.1本指南概述了辐照生、未处理、新鲜（冷藏）或冷冻有鳍鱼和水生无脊椎动物的程序和操作，同时确保辐照产品安全卫生。 1.1.1水生无脊椎动物包括软体动物、甲壳动物、棘皮动物等。 1.1.1.1软体动物包括双壳贝类，如蛤蜊、贻贝和牡蛎；蜗牛；和头足类动物，如鱿鱼和章鱼。 1.1.1.2甲壳类动物包括虾、龙虾、螃蟹、对虾和小龙虾等贝类。 1.1.1.3棘皮动物包括海胆和海参。 1.2本指南涵盖了用于减少水生无脊椎动物和有鳍鱼中微生物和寄生虫数量的吸收剂量。 此类剂量通常低于10 kGy (1) . 1.3本指南不包括使用含辐照原料的还原氧包装（真空或改性气氛，包括油包装的产品）。减少氧气包装产生的厌氧环境提供了细菌生长和产生毒素的可能性， 肉毒梭菌 孢子。 1.4本指南不包括为减少微生物负荷或控制虫害而对熏鱼或干鱼进行辐照。 1.5以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管要求的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 吸收剂量小于等于1 kGy可以使一些寄生虫失活，例如宽尾绦虫( 阔二头棘鲷 ) (2) . 低于10 kGy的吸收剂量可以减少或消除致病性孢子形成和非孢子形成微生物的营养细胞，例如 梭菌 物种。， 弧菌 物种。， 沙门氏菌 , 单增李斯特菌 或 金黄色葡萄球菌 ，可能存在于新鲜或冷冻产品中。 吸收剂量低于10 kGy可以减少一些孢子的数量，但不足以减少微生物孢子或毒素的潜在健康风险 (3) . 低于10 kGy的吸收剂量可以减少或消除孢子形成和非孢子形成微生物的营养细胞，例如 芽孢杆菌 或 假单胞菌 导致新鲜产品变质，从而在许多情况下延长冷藏货架寿命的 (4) .

1.1 This guide outlines procedures and operations for the irradiation of raw, untreated, fresh (chilled), or frozen finfish and aquatic invertebrates, while ensuring that the irradiated product is safe and wholesome. 1.1.1 Aquatic invertebrates include molluscs, crustacea, echinoderms, etc. 1.1.1.1 Molluscs include bivalve shellfish, such as clams, mussels, and oysters; snails; and cephalopods, such as squid and octopus. 1.1.1.2 Crustacea include shellfish such as shrimp, lobster, crabs, prawns and crayfish. 1.1.1.3 Echinoderms include sea urchins and sea cucumbers. 1.2 This guide covers absorbed doses used to reduce the microbial and parasite populations in aquatic invertebrates and finfish. Such doses typically are below 10 kGy (1) . 1.3 The use of reduced-oxygen packaging (vacuum or modified atmosphere, and including products packed in oil) with irradiated, raw product is not covered by this guide. The anaerobic environment created by reduced-oxygen packaging provides the potential for outgrowth of, and toxin production from, Clostridium botulinum spores. 1.4 This guide does not cover the irradiation of smoked or dried fish to reduce microbial load or to control insect infestation. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== Absorbed doses of or below 1 kGy can inactivate some parasites, such as the broad fish tapeworm ( Dibothrocephalus latus ) (2) . Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate vegetative cells of pathogenic sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Clostridia spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonellae , Listeria monocytogenes , or Staphylococcus aureus , that may be present in fresh or frozen product. Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce the numbers of some spores, but are not adequate to reduce the potential health risk from microbial spores or toxins (3) . Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate the vegetative cells of sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Bacillus or Pseudomonas species, that cause spoilage of fresh product, thus extending refrigerated shelf life in many cases (4) .