1.1 本规程描述了根据微观结构的形态外观定性描述带状或定向微观结构性质的程序。 1.2 本规程描述了定量测量微观结构带状或定向程度的体视学程序。 注1: 虽然体视学测量方法用于评估带状或对齐的程度，但测量仅在平行于变形方向（即纵向平面）的平面上进行，并且三个方向是平行的- 不评估带状或对齐的尺寸特征。 1.3 本规程描述了一种显微压痕硬度试验程序，用于评估带状热处理钢中存在的硬度差异的大小。对于全马氏体碳钢和合金钢（0.10–0.65 %C） 在淬火状态下，可以根据显微压痕硬度值估计基体和偏析的碳含量。 1.4 本规程不包括评估带状结构的化学分析方法。 1.5 本规程仅涉及推荐的试验方法，其中的任何内容都不应被解释为定义或确定可接受性极限。 1.6 测量值以国际单位制表示，视为标准。列出的等效英寸-磅值在括号中，可能是近似值。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程用于评估金属和其他材料微观结构的带状或定向性质和程度，其中变形和加工产生带状或定向条件。 5.2 带状或定向微观结构可以出现在单相、两相或多相金属和材料中。取向或带状的出现受加工因素的影响，如凝固速度、偏析程度、热加工或冷加工程度、所用变形过程的性质、热处理等。 5.3 微观结构带状或取向影响在不同试验方向上相对于变形方向确定的机械性能的均匀性。 5.4 体视学方法可用于测量任何金属或材料的微观结构带状或取向的性质和程度。显微压痕硬度测试程序只能用于确定带状热处理金属（主要是钢）的硬度差异。 5.5 在其他合理均匀的微观结构中也可能存在孤立偏析。体视学方法不适合测量单个特征，而是使用标准测量程序来定义特征大小。 显微压痕硬度法可用于此类结构。 5.6 这些试验方法的结果可用于根据买方和制造商之间商定的指南对装运材料进行鉴定，用于比较不同的制造工艺或工艺变化，或为结构性能研究提供数据。

1.1 This practice describes a procedure to qualitatively describe the nature of banded or oriented microstructures based on the morphological appearance of the microstructure. 1.2 This practice describes stereological procedures for quantitative measurement of the degree of microstructural banding or orientation. Note 1: Although stereological measurement methods are used to assess the degree of banding or alignment, the measurements are only made on planes parallel to the deformation direction (that is, a longitudinal plane) and the three-dimensional characteristics of the banding or alignment are not evaluated. 1.3 This practice describes a microindentation hardness test procedure for assessing the magnitude of the hardness differences present in banded heat-treated steels. For fully martensitic carbon and alloy steels (0.10–0.65 %C), in the as-quenched condition, the carbon content of the matrix and segregate may be estimated from the microindentation hardness values. 1.4 This practice does not cover chemical analytical methods for evaluating banded structures. 1.5 This practice deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability. 1.6 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values, when listed, are in parentheses and may be approximate. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is used to assess the nature and extent of banding or orientation of microstructures of metals and other materials where deformation and processing produce a banded or oriented condition. 5.2 Banded or oriented microstructures can arise in single phase, two phase or multiphase metals and materials. The appearance of the orientation or banding is influenced by processing factors such as the solidification rate, the extent of segregation, the degree of hot or cold working, the nature of the deformation process used, the heat treatments, and so forth. 5.3 Microstructural banding or orientation influence the uniformity of mechanical properties determined in various test directions with respect to the deformation direction. 5.4 The stereological methods can be applied to measure the nature and extent of microstructural banding or orientation for any metal or material. The microindentation hardness test procedure should only be used to determine the difference in hardness in banded heat-treated metals, chiefly steels. 5.5 Isolated segregation may also be present in an otherwise reasonably homogeneous microstructure. Stereological methods are not suitable for measuring individual features, instead use standard measurement procedures to define the feature size. The microindentation hardness method may be used for such structures. 5.6 Results from these test methods may be used to qualify material for shipment in accordance with guidelines agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, for comparison of different manufacturing processes or process variations, or to provide data for structure-property-behavior studies.