1.1 这些试验方法包括通过洛氏压痕硬度原理测定金属材料的洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度。本标准规定了洛氏硬度计的要求以及进行洛氏硬度试验的程序。 1.2 本试验方法包括使用便携式洛氏硬度试验机的要求，该试验机通过洛氏硬度测试原理测量洛氏硬度，并能满足本试验方法的所有要求，包括对试验机的直接和间接验证。 便携式洛氏硬度试验机不能满足直接验证要求，只能通过间接验证要求进行验证，这些试验机包含在试验方法中 E110 . 1.3 本标准包括以下附件中的附加要求: 洛氏硬度试验机的验证 附件A1 洛氏硬度标准化机 附件A2 洛氏压头的标准化 附件A3 洛氏硬度试块的标准化 附件A4 确定最小厚度的指南 试件 附件A5 凸面试验时的硬度值修正 圆柱形表面 附件A6 1.4 本标准包括以下附录中与洛氏硬度试验相关的非强制性信息。 给出相应硬度值的ASTM标准列表 至抗拉强度 附录X1 洛氏硬度测定程序示例 硬度不确定度 附录X2 1.5 单位-- 在进行洛氏硬度试验时，力水平以千克力（kgf）为单位进行规定，压头球直径以英寸（in。 ). 本标准规定了国际单位制（SI）中的力和长度单位；即以牛顿（N）表示的力和以毫米（mm）表示的长度。然而，由于历史先例和持续的普遍使用，以kgf为单位的力值和以英寸为单位的球直径仅供参考，本标准中的大部分讨论都涉及这些单位。 1.6 洛氏硬度试验和洛氏表面硬度试验的试验原理、试验程序和验证程序基本相同。 两种试验之间的显著差异在于，洛氏表面试验的试验力小于洛氏试验的试验作用力。根据所使用的标度，相同类型和尺寸的压头可用于任一试验。因此，在本标准中，除非另有说明，否则术语罗克韦尔将意味着罗克韦尔和罗克韦尔都是肤浅的。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 洛氏硬度测试是一种经验压痕硬度测试，可以提供有关金属材料的有用信息。该信息可以与金属材料的抗拉强度、耐磨性、延展性和其他物理特性相关，并且可以用于材料的质量控制和选择。 4.2 洛氏硬度测试被认为是令人满意的商业货物验收测试，并已在工业中广泛用于此目的。 4.3 零件特定位置的洛氏硬度测试可能不能代表整个零件或最终产品的物理特性。 4.4 除非另有规定，否则遵守本标准测试方法可追溯到国家洛氏硬度标准。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Rockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials by the Rockwell indentation hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Rockwell hardness machines and the procedures for performing Rockwell hardness tests. 1.2 This test method includes requirements for the use of portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that measure Rockwell hardness by the Rockwell hardness test principle and can meet all the requirements of this test method, including the direct and indirect verifications of the testing machine. Portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that cannot meet the direct verification requirements and can only be verified by indirect verification requirements are covered in Test Method E110 . 1.3 This standard includes additional requirements in the following annexes: Verification of Rockwell Hardness Testing Machines Annex A1 Rockwell Hardness Standardizing Machines Annex A2 Standardization of Rockwell Indenters Annex A3 Standardization of Rockwell Hardness Test Blocks Annex A4 Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece Annex A5 Hardness Value Corrections When Testing on Convex Cylindrical Surfaces Annex A6 1.4 This standard includes nonmandatory information in the following appendixes that relates to the Rockwell hardness test. List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Values Corresponding to Tensile Strength Appendix X1 Examples of Procedures for Determining Rockwell Hardness Uncertainty Appendix X2 1.5 Units— At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units. 1.6 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for both the Rockwell and Rockwell superficial hardness tests. The significant differences between the two tests are that the test forces are smaller for the Rockwell superficial test than for the Rockwell test. The same type and size indenters may be used for either test, depending on the scale being employed. Accordingly, throughout this standard, the term Rockwell will imply both Rockwell and Rockwell superficial unless stated otherwise. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The Rockwell hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials. 4.2 Rockwell hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used extensively in industry for this purpose. 4.3 Rockwell hardness testing at a specific location on a part may not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. 4.4 Adherence to this standard test method provides traceability to national Rockwell hardness standards except as stated otherwise.