ISO 14224:2016以标准格式为石油、天然气和石化行业内的所有设施和操作中的设备收集可靠性和维护（RM）数据提供了一个全面的基础，该数据在设备的运行寿命周期内。它描述了数据收集原则以及相关术语和定义，这些术语和定义构成了一种“可靠性语言”，可用于交流运行经验。本国际标准规范性部分中定义的故障模式可作为各种定量和定性应用的“可靠性同义词”。本国际标准还描述了数据质量控制和保证实践，为用户提供指导。 数据收集做法的标准化有助于工厂、业主、制造商和承包商等各方之间的信息交流。 本国际标准规定了任何内部或商用RM数据系统在设计用于RM数据交换时需要满足的要求。本文介绍了交换和合并此类RM数据的示例、指南和原则。本国际标准还提供了一个框架和指南，用于确定设备可靠性和可用性性能的性能目标和要求。 附录A包含本国际标准涵盖的设备摘要。 ISO 14224:2016定义了需要收集的最低数据量，并着重于两个主要问题: -收集用于各种分析方法的数据类别的数据要求； -标准化数据格式，便于工厂、业主、制造商和承包商之间交换可靠性和维护数据。 将收集以下主要类别的数据: a） 设备数据，例如设备分类、设备属性； b） 故障数据，如故障原因、故障后果； c） 维护数据，例如维护行动、使用的资源、维护结果、停机时间。 注:第9条提供了有关数据内容和数据格式的更多详细信息。 使用此类数据的主要领域如下: 1） 可靠性，例如故障事件和故障机制； 2） 可用性/效率，例如设备可用性、系统可用性、工厂生产可用性； 3） 维修，例如纠正性和预防性维修、维修计划、维修保障能力； 4） 安全和环境，例如对安全和/或环境造成不利后果的设备故障。 ISO 14224:2016不适用于以下情况: i、 （直接）成本问题的数据； 二、来自实验室测试和制造的数据（e。 g、 加速寿命试验），另见5.2； iii.完整的设备数据表（仅包括与评估可靠性性能相关的数据）； IV.操作员在个人基础上考虑的附加服务数据可用于操作和维护； v、 分析和应用RM数据的方法（但是，附件中包含了如何计算一些基本可靠性和维护参数的原则）。

ISO 14224:2016 provides a comprehensive basis for the collection of reliability and maintenance (RM) data in a standard format for equipment in all facilities and operations within the petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical industries during the operational life cycle of equipment. It describes data collection principles and associated terms and definitions that constitute a "reliability language" that can be useful for communicating operational experience. The failure modes defined in the normative part of this International Standard can be used as a "reliability thesaurus" for various quantitative as well as qualitative applications. This International Standard also describes data quality control and assurance practices to provide guidance for the user. Standardization of data collection practices facilitates the exchange of information between parties, e.g. plants, owners, manufacturers and contractors. This International Standard establishes requirements that any in-house or commercially available RM data system is required to meet when designed for RM data exchange. Examples, guidelines and principles for the exchange and merging of such RM data are addressed. This International Standard also provides a framework and guidelines for establishing performance objectives and requirements for equipment reliability and availability performance. Annex A contains a summary of equipment that is covered by this International Standard. ISO 14224:2016 defines a minimum amount of data that is required to be collected, and it focuses on two main issues: - data requirements for the categories of data to be collected for use in various analysis methodologies; - standardized data format to facilitate the exchange of reliability and maintenance data between plants, owners, manufacturers and contractors. The following main categories of data are to be collected: a) equipment data, e.g. equipment taxonomy, equipment attributes; b) failure data, e.g. failure cause, failure consequence; c) maintenance data, e.g. maintenance action, resources used, maintenance consequence, down time. NOTE Clause 9 gives further details on data content and data format. The main areas where such data are used are the following: 1) reliability, e.g. failure events and failure mechanisms; 2) availability/efficiency, e.g. equipment availability, system availability, plant production availability; 3) maintenance, e.g. corrective and preventive maintenance, maintenance plan, maintenance supportability; 4) safety and environment, e.g. equipment failures with adverse consequences for safety and/or environment. ISO 14224:2016 does not apply to the following: i. data on (direct) cost issues; ii. data from laboratory testing and manufacturing (e.g. accelerated lifetime testing), see also 5.2; iii. complete equipment data sheets (only data seen relevant for assessing the reliability performance are included); iv. additional on-service data that an operator, on an individual basis, can consider useful for operation and maintenance; v. methods for analysing and applying RM data (however, principles for how to calculate some basic reliability and maintenance parameters are included in the annexes).