1.1 本规程旨在协助空气质量方法的开发人员和用户对空气中和沉降材料的浓度进行采样，以确定测量的不确定性。在可能的情况下，按照国际标准化组织（ISO）《测量不确定度表达指南》（ISO GUM， ( 1. ) 2. )建议使用。强调了空气质量测量的不确定性估计的各个方面。 例如，空气质量评估往往因以下因素而变得复杂:由于要测量的浓度值的时空变化很大，难以进行重复测量；已纠正和未纠正的系统性错误或偏差；以及误差的（罕见的）非正态分布。这种做法主要是通过实例来运作的。背景和数学发展被归入附录，供选择阅读。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 6.1 本规程的主要用途是将ASTM国际标准评定为标准试验方法。过去，需要一份“精度和偏差”报告。然而，最近，不确定性声明已成为指南的一种可接受的替代方案 D3670 在方法描述中包含这样的声明简化了ASTM测试方法与类似ISO和欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）标准的比较，这些标准现在需要有不确定性声明。 6.2 标准化采样/分析方法性能的表征预计在其他应用中也很有用。例如，性能细节是根据实验空气质量评估证明合规性决策的必要条件 ( 7. ) 记录的不确定度可以作为定义可接受的采样/分析方法性能的特定标准的基础。 6.3 此外，高质量的大气测量对于决定如何控制危险物质至关重要。 需要有效的数据来得出合理的流行病学结论，就可接受的限度做出合理的决定，以及确定危险控制系统的有效性。 6.4 最后，由于在统计数据简单的情况下，ISO GUM在详细测量方面得到了全世界的认可，该实践在将ASTM国际测试方法与其他已发表的方法进行比较时应该是有用的。事实上，统计程序的编纂可以最大限度地减少解释过多的个别方法（尽管可能是有效的）的困难。

1.1 This practice is for assisting developers and users of air quality methods for sampling concentrations of both airborne and settled materials in characterizing measurements as to uncertainty. Where possible, analysis into uncertainty components as recommended in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM, ( 1 ) 2 ) is suggested. Aspects of uncertainty estimation particular to air quality measurement are emphasized. For example, air quality assessment is often complicated by: the difficulty of taking replicate measurements owing to the large spatio-temporal variation in concentration values to be measured; systematic error or bias, both corrected and uncorrected; and the (rare) non-normal distribution of errors. This practice operates mainly through example. Background and mathematical development are relegated to appendices for optional reading. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 A primary use intended for this practice is for qualifying ASTM International Standards as Standard Test Methods. In the past, a “Precision and Bias” report has been required. However, recently a statement of uncertainty has become an acceptable alternative to Guide D3670 . Inclusion of such a statement with a method description simplifies comparison of ASTM Test Methods to analogous ISO and Committee for European Normalization (CEN) standards, now required to have uncertainty statements. 6.2 Standardizing the characterization of sampling/analytical method performance is expected to be useful in other applications as well. For example, performance details are a necessity for justifying compliance decisions based on experimental air quality assessments ( 7 ) . Documented uncertainty can form a basis for specific criteria defining acceptable sampling/analytical method performance. 6.3 Furthermore, high quality atmospheric measurements are vital for making decisions as to how hazardous substances are to be controlled. Valid data are required for drawing reasonable epidemiological conclusions, for making sound decisions as to acceptable limits, as well as for determining the efficacy of a hazard control system. 6.4 Finally, because of developing world-wide acceptance of ISO GUM for detailing measurements when statistics are simple, the practice should be useful in comparing ASTM International Test Methods to other published methods. The codification of statistical procedures may in fact minimize the difficulty in interpreting a plethora of individual, albeit possibly valid, approaches.