1.1 本指南涵盖了正确使用X射线荧光（XRF）光谱的一般注意事项。由于XRF仪器之间存在许多差异，因此未提供详细的操作说明。分析员应遵循制造商为其仪器提供的说明。 1.2 鼓励分析员查阅化学文献、各种贸易期刊、颜料供应商出版物等，以及制造商的仪器手册。 1.3 XRF通常用于测定无机颜料和填充剂中的元素，通常与其他分析技术相结合。 有机颜料通常不能单独通过XRF识别。有时，有机颜料含有较重的元素，可以区分这些颜料的主要类别，或者可以用于区分两种不同颜料中的一种。然而，分析员应警惕仅通过XRF技术进行定性色素鉴定。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体危险信息，请参阅第节 3. 关于辐射问题。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 液体油漆或漆膜样品中颜料的识别对于监管目的通常很重要。 过去涂料配方中使用的许多无机颜料或填充剂现在由联邦、州或市政卫生当局监管。XRF是用于表征涂料配方的颜料组成的更常见和更方便的方法之一。 5.2 XRF技术通常无法识别有机颜料的化学性质。在某些情况下，与固态碳13核磁共振（C-13 NMR）等其他分析方法结合使用的XRF技术可以识别涂料中使用的有机颜料。 然而，XRF仅提供了无机色素沉着的基本示意图。分析员根据样品、颜色、元素信息和常识推断颜料的化学成分。颜料中通常存在少量杂质，因此相对XRF强度也可用于指导分析员提出可能存在的颜料。

1.1 This guide covers the general considerations for proper use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Because many differences exist between XRF instruments, no detailed operating instructions are provided. The analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for his instrument. 1.2 The analyst is encouraged to consult the chemical literature, various trade journals, pigment supplier publications, etc., as well as the instrument manuals from the manufacturer. 1.3 XRF is commonly employed to determine the elements present in inorganic pigments and extenders, often in concert with other analysis techniques. Organic pigments cannot normally be identified solely by XRF. On occasion, organic pigments contain heavier elements that can distinguish between major classes of these pigments or may serve to distinguish one of the two distinct pigments. However, the analyst should be wary of a qualitative pigment identification solely by XRF technique. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information see Section 3 on Radiation Concerns. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The identification of pigments in a sample of liquid paint or paint film is often important for regulatory purposes. Many inorganic pigments or extenders utilized in past paint formulation are now regulated by federal, state, or municipal health authorities. XRF is one of the more common and convenient methods employed to characterize the pigment composition of a paint formulation. 5.2 XRF techniques, in general, do not provide the ability to identify the chemical nature of organic pigments. There are instances where XRF techniques, used in tandem with other analytical methods, such as solid state Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR), can identify the organic pigments utilized in coatings. However, XRF provides only an elemental sketch of the inorganic pigmentation. The chemical composition of the pigments is inferred by the analyst from the samples, color, elemental information, and common sense. Small impurities are often found in pigments, so the relative XRF intensities also serve to guide the analyst in proposing the probable pigment present.