由于人口扩张、干旱和咸水入侵，全国沿海地区的饮用水含水层受到越来越大的压力。先进的技术可以从再生水源中提供大量纯净水。以微滤（MF）、超滤（UF）、纳滤（NF）、电渗析（ED）和/或反渗透（RO）为形式的膜技术已成为传统水处理工艺越来越廉价的替代品。本文讨论了帕森斯·布林克霍夫·夸德和道格拉斯公司（Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas，Inc.）旗下的PB Water公司如何在佛罗里达州奥兰多的一家先进再生水设施中研究膜技术和紫外线消毒的使用。 早期迹象表明，再生水处理的100%水质目标可以通过UF和/或NF与UV相结合来实现。根据初步调查结果，已设计了一座小型加工厂，并于2000年1月至4月投入运行。实验室规模的研究包括在典型工厂条件下对再生水进行创新性的分馏。已经证明，利用膜元件和紫外线辐射（UV）的处理序列为已知水污染物提供了多种有效屏障。UF本身就可以去除病原体。这种膜技术很容易去除病毒、隐孢子虫和贾第虫。 单独使用NF可以去除分子量大于200道尔顿的颗粒。许多重金属和大多数内分泌干扰物都属于这个范围。虽然没有标准方法可用于检测内分泌干扰物，但人们相信，这种去除方法将对两个最大的干扰物组有效:杀虫剂和人类激素。此外，超滤与营养素专用电渗析或反渗透相结合，可以有效去除再生水释放到环境中时必须加以控制的营养素。在大多数情况下，通过这些消毒方法处理的再生水比地表水和/或一些地下水供应更纯净。 根据佛罗里达州法律的要求，实验室规模的结果将用于设计一个试验规模的系统，该系统将至少运行12个月。结果将用于表征膜污染，并估算整个项目的更换成本。利用从中试规模的装置中获得的知识，可以开发一个全尺寸系统并将其上线，从而延续佛罗里达州中部创新水回收实践的传统。包括6个参考文献、表格、图表。

Drinking water aquifers in coastal areas around the nation are increasingly stressed due to population expansion, drought and saltwater intrusion. Advanced technologies exist which could provide a large supply of pure water from reclaimed water sources. Membrane technology in the form of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED) and/or reverse osmosis (RO) has become an increasingly affordable alternative to conventional water treatment processes. This paper discusses how PB Water, a division of Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., has been researching the use of membrane technology and ultraviolet light disinfection at an advanced reclaimed water facility in Orlando, Florida. Early indications are that 100% of the water quality goals for the treatment of reclaimed water can be achieved by a combination of UF and/or NF followed by UV. Based on preliminary findings, a bench-scale process plant has been devised and was in operation from January to April 2000. Bench-scale studies included innovative fractionation of the reclaimed water under typical plant conditions. It has been demonstrated that a treatment train, which utilizes membrane elements followed by ultraviolet radiation (UV), provides multiple effective barriers to known water pollutants. UF alone can provide log 4 removal of pathogens. This membrane technology would easily remove viruses, cryptosporidium, and giardia. NF alone can provide log 6 removal of particles with a molecular weight greater than 200 Daltons. Many heavy metals fall into this size range, as do most endocrine disruptors. While no standard methods are available to test for endocrine disruptors, it is believed that this method of removal will be effective for the two largest disruptor groups: pesticides and human hormones. In addition, ultrafiltration combined with nutrient specific electrodialysis or reverse osmosis effectively removes nutrients that must be controlled for release of reclaimed water into the environment. In most cases, reclaimed water treated by these methods of disinfection is purer than surface water and/or some groundwater supplies. Bench scale results will be used to design a pilot scale system to be operated for a minimum extended period of twelve months as required by Florida law. Results will be used to characterize membrane fouling and estimate replacement costs of the full-scale project. With knowledge gained from the pilot scale apparatus, a full-scale system could be developed and put on-line, continuing central Florida's tradition of innovative water reclamation practices. Includes 6 references, tables, figures.