1.1 本火灾试验响应标准中描述的试验方法用于确定HPI或其他遭受大型油气藏火灾的设施中使用的均质或复合结构的柱、梁、梁或类似结构构件和防火墙的火灾试验响应。 1.2 根据这些试验方法进行的试验旨在表明组件的结构构件或防火墙组件是否会在火灾暴露期间继续发挥其预期功能。这些试验不应被解释为已确定在火灾暴露后的适用性。 1.3 这些试验方法规定了标准火灾暴露量，用于比较不同结构和火灾的相对性能- 受控实验室条件下的安全壳壁组件。当暴露在大型水池火灾中时，应用这些测试结果预测实际组件的性能需要仔细的工程评估。 1.4 这些测试方法提供了在控制校准和实际测试期间的定量热流测量。正在进行这些热通量测量，以支持设计火灾的开发，并使用消防安全工程模型来预测各种火灾场景中的热暴露和材料性能。 1.5 这些测试方法适用于测试其他项目，如管道、导管中的电路、地板或甲板以及电缆桥架。这些类型项目的测试需要制定适当的样本细节和最终结果- 点或故障标准。这些试验方法中未提供此类失效标准和试样说明。 1.6 限制- 这些试验方法不提供以下内容: 1.6.1 关于由部件或非测试尺寸的部件构成的组件性能的完整信息。 1.6.2 评估组件通过产生烟雾、有毒气体或其他燃烧产物导致火灾危险的程度。 1.6.3 模拟结构构件之间接头或连接件（如梁柱连接件）的火灾行为。 1.6.4 测量测试组件表面上的火焰蔓延。 1.6.5 测量其他结构形状（如容器裙板）、设备（如电缆、电机）试验性能的程序- 操作阀门等），或易发生大型烃池火灾的物品，但不包括 1.1 . 1.6.6 大型水池火灾中产生的速度或湍流或两者对某些消防材料的侵蚀作用。 1.6.7 在不到5分钟的时间内，由于第节中规定了上升时间，有关组件性能的完整信息 5. 比一个 真实的 火 1.7 这些试验方法不排除使用 真实的 火灾或在模拟火灾条件下评估结构构件和组件性能的任何其他方法。证明符合第节要求的任何试验方法 5. 可以接受。 1.8 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.9 本标准用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控条件下对热量和火焰的响应，但其本身并不包括在实际火灾条件下对材料、产品或组件进行火灾危险或火灾风险评估所需的所有因素。 1.10 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.11 本标准的文本引用了提供解释信息的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些试验方法旨在为评估梁、梁、柱或类似结构组件或非承重墙在受控、标准化火灾暴露下继续执行其预期功能的时间段提供依据。 5.1.1 特别是，选定的标准暴露条件模拟了构件或组件在大自由空间的发光火焰（火柱）区域内的完全连续吞没情况- 燃烧液体烃池火灾。标准火灾暴露基本上是根据入射到试样上的总通量以及适当的温度条件来定义的。在熔炉校准和实际测试期间，都需要对热暴露（总热流）进行定量测量。 5.1.2 人们认识到，自由燃烧碳氢流体池火灾的热力学性质尚未完全表征，并且根据火灾规模、燃料、环境因素（如风条件）、结构构件与暴露火灾的物理关系以及其他因素而变化。因此，这些试验方法中规定的暴露不一定代表大型油气藏火灾中存在的所有条件。 规定的标准暴露基于最佳可用信息和测试技术。它为比较受控条件下不同组件的相对性能提供了基础。 5.1.3 与测试组件的结构或条件（即尺寸、组装方法和材料）相比的任何变化都能够显著改变组件的性能特征。 5.2 规定了在施加和不施加叠加荷载的情况下测试柱试样的单独程序。 5.2.1 测试加载柱的程序规定，应轴向施加荷载。施加的荷载应为国家认可的结构设计标准下允许的最大荷载条件，除非规定了有限的设计标准，并施加了相应的降低荷载。 5.2.2 空载钢柱试样的测试程序包括温度限制。这些限制旨在定义具有轴向施加设计允许荷载的钢柱在结构上发生破坏时的温度。 5.2.3 空载试样的程序还规定了除钢柱外的其他柱的测试，前提是已建立适当的验收标准。 5.3 还规定了单独的程序，用于在施加和不施加叠加载荷的情况下测试梁组件。 5.3.1 加载试样的测试程序规定，梁应简单支撑。根据客户的规定，纵向热膨胀限制的应用取决于预期用途。施加的荷载是根据公认的工程实践确定的梁的允许设计荷载。 5.3.2 空载梁的测试程序包括钢的温度限制。这些限制是为了定义温度，在该温度以上，如果承受允许的设计荷载，简单支撑的无约束梁将在结构上失效。空载试样的程序还规定了除钢和钢筋混凝土梁外的其他梁的测试，前提是已建立适当的验收标准。 5.3.3 众所周知，空载测试的梁组件的偏转程度不会与负载测试的相同组件相同。因此，根据空载梁程序进行的试验并不旨在反映裂纹形成、所用防火材料移位以及受组件挠度影响的其他因素的影响。 5.4 规定了一个单独的程序，用于测试墙壁/隔板/隔板等的防火能力。验收标准包括非火灾暴露表面的温升，加上墙壁阻止火焰或热气通过的能力，或两者兼而有之。 5.5 在大多数情况下，将根据这些试验方法进行评估的结构组件将位于室外，并受到可能对组件耐火性产生不利影响的各种天气条件的影响。描述了一个在火灾暴露后加速风化的程序，以模拟这种暴露。 5.6 这些测试方法提供了定量热通量测量，以支持设计火灾的发展，并使用消防安全工程模型预测各种火灾场景中的热暴露和材料性能。

1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires. 1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure. 1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation. 1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test. These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios. 1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods. 1.6 Limitations— These test methods do not provide the following: 1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those tested. 1.6.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion. 1.6.3 Simulation of fire behavior of joints or connections between structural elements such as beam-to-column connections. 1.6.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly. 1.6.5 Procedures for measuring the test performance of other structural shapes (such as vessel skirts), equipment (such as electrical cables, motor-operated valves, etc.), or items subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires, other than those described in 1.1 . 1.6.6 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection materials. 1.6.7 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section 5 is longer than that of a real fire. 1.7 These test methods do not preclude the use of a real fire or any other method of evaluating the performance of structural members and assemblies in simulated fire conditions. Any test method that is demonstrated to comply with Section 5 is acceptable. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure. 5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing. 5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions. 5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) from that of the tested assembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly. 5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load. 5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be the maximum load condition allowed under nationally recognized structural design criteria unless limited design criteria are specified and a corresponding reduced load applied. 5.2.2 The procedure for testing unloaded steel column specimens includes temperature limits. These limits are intended to define the temperature above which a steel column with an axially applied design allowable load would fail structurally. 5.2.3 The procedure for unloaded specimens also provides for the testing of other than steel columns provided that appropriate acceptance criteria have been established. 5.3 Separate procedures are also specified for testing beam assemblies with and without an applied superimposed load. 5.3.1 The procedure for testing loaded specimens stipulates that the beam shall be simply supported. Application of restraint against longitudinal thermal expansion depends on the intended use, as specified by the customer. The applied load is intended to be the allowable design load permitted for the beam as determined in accordance with accepted engineering practice. 5.3.2 The procedure for testing unloaded beams includes temperature limits for steel. These limits are to define the temperature above which a simply supported, unrestrained beam would fail structurally if subjected to the allowable design load. The procedure for unloaded specimens also provides for the testing of other than steel and reinforced concrete beams provided that appropriate acceptance criteria have been established. 5.3.3 It is recognized that beam assemblies that are tested without load will not deflect to the same extent as an identical assembly tested with load. As a result, tests conducted in accordance with the unloaded beam procedure are not intended to reflect the effects of crack formation, dislodgement of applied fire protection materials, and other factors that are influenced by the deflection of the assembly. 5.4 A separate procedure is specified for testing the fire-containment capability of a wall/bulkhead/partition, etc. Acceptance criteria include temperature rise of nonfire exposed surface, plus the ability of the wall to prohibit passage of flames or hot gases, or both. 5.5 In most cases, the structural assemblies that will be evaluated in accordance with these test methods will be located outdoors and subjected to varying weather conditions that are capable of adversely affecting the fire endurance of the assembly. A program of accelerated weathering followed by fire exposure is described to simulate such exposure. 5.6 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.