目标 AwwaRF赞助的这项研究项目（#3107）旨在确定变化的影响 金属上的消毒剂（游离氯转化为氯胺，反之亦然）从铅、黄铜和铜中释放出来 配电系统中的铜组件。这个项目也在研究 在更换消毒剂期间，金属上的电流耦合和现有氧化皮会释放。 HDR开发并组装了两个创新的再循环管道回路系统 华盛顿贝尔维尤的ARTC设施，以及华盛顿特区哥伦比亚特区水和污水管理局（DCWASA）设施 在不同水质的水中测试更换消毒剂的效果 特点。在两个试验设施中的每一个，都使用了4个管道回路系统来测试 以下管道材料: 非辅助铅；铜青铜以及钝化铅。每一个人 在这些管道回路系统中，使用3个短试样（每个长度为2英寸）进行电化学测试 测量和1个更长的试片（18英寸长）用作金属释放源 用于抓取采样。除单金属管回路外，3个电偶管回路 在每个测试设施（华盛顿贝尔维尤和华盛顿特区）组装系统进行调查 电偶联轴节（铅/铜；铅/青铜；铜/青铜）对金属释放的影响 与消毒剂的变化有关。水质参数（pH值、碱度、磷酸盐） 在消毒剂试验的变更过程中，对其进行了修改和控制。项目 团队还对黄铜组件进行了填充和倾倒测试，并在试验期间进行了现场取样 DCWASA分配系统中的常规“氯燃烧”。本文讨论了Pb（II）/Pb（IV）的测试结果和考虑因素 以及Cu（I）/Cu（II）理论应用于分配系统中的金属释放。包括表格、数字。

The objective of this AwwaRF-sponsored research project (#3107) is to determine the effect of changing disinfectants (free chlorine to chloramines and vice versa) on metals release from lead, brass, and copper components in the distribution system. This project also is studying the effects of galvanic coupling and existing scales on metals release during a change in disinfectant. Two innovative re-circulating pipe loop systems were developed and assembled in the HDR ARTC facility in Bellevue, Washington, and in the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA) facility in Washington, D.C. for the purpose of testing the effects of changing disinfectants in waters with varying water quality characteristics. At each of the 2 test facilities, 4 pipe loop systems were used to test the following pipe materials: unpassivated lead; copper; bronze; and, passivated lead. For each of these pipe loop systems, 3 short coupons (each 2 inches in length) were used for electrochemical measurements and 1 longer coupon (18 inches in length) was used as a source of metals release for grab sampling. In addition to the single-metal pipe loops, 3 galvanic coupled pipe loop systems were assembled at each test facility (Bellevue, Washington and Washington, D.C.) to investigate the effects of galvanic couplings (lead/copper; lead/bronze; and copper/bronze) on metals release associated with the change in disinfectant. Water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, phosphate addition) were modified and controlled during the change in disinfectant testing. The Project Team also performed fill-and-dump testing of brass components and field sampling during a routine "chlorine burn" in the DCWASA distribution system. This paper provides a discussion of testing results and consideration of Pb(II)/Pb(IV) and Cu(I)/Cu(II) theory as applied to metals release in the distribution system. Includes tables, figures.