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现行 ASTM D3685/D3685M-13(2021)
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Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases 烟道气中颗粒物取样和测定的标准试验方法
发布日期: 2021-09-01
1.1 这些试验方法描述了通过堆内试验方法(试验方法A)或堆外试验方法(试验方法B)确定气体流中颗粒物和收集残渣的质量排放率的程序。 1.2 这些试验方法适用于测量颗粒物和收集的残留物浓度。 1.3 这些试验方法包括用于从污水管道和烟囱中获取样品的设备和程序的说明、实验室分析的设备和程序的说明以及计算结果的程序的说明。 1.4 这些试验方法适用于在颗粒物控制设备前后对湿(试验方法A或B)或干(试验方法A)流中的颗粒物和收集的残留物进行采样,并用于测定控制装置的颗粒物收集效率。 1.5 经联邦或州机构批准后,这些试验方法也适用于确定是否符合限制烟气中颗粒物的法规和法令。 1.6 通过这些试验方法收集的颗粒物和残渣样品可用于后续的粒度和化学分析。 1.7 这些试验方法描述了采样和测定颗粒物质量排放所需的仪器、设备和操作程序,包括选址。这些试验方法还包括收集和重量测定撞击式冷凝器机组中收集的残留物的程序。颗粒物的采样和分析可以独立进行,也可以与收集的残留物的测定同时进行。 1.8 这些试验方法提供了必要的可选过滤器设计和过滤材料的使用,以适应试验方法适用的广泛颗粒物负载。 1.9 试验方法A的烟囱温度限制约为400°C(752°F),试验方法B的烟囱温度限制为815°C(1500°F)。 1.10 这些测试方法的一个已知局限性涉及收集的残留物数据的使用。由于除冷凝外,还可以通过化学反应在样品序列中形成一些收集的残留物,因此在没有事先表征的情况下,不应使用这些数据(参见 4.4.1 ). 1.10.1 第二个限制涉及在二氧化硫和其他可能在样品序列内反应的活性物质存在的情况下,使用试验方法对含有氟化物、氨或钙化合物的气流进行采样。 1.10.2 这些试验方法的一个可疑但未经验证的局限性涉及采样过程中收集到的颗粒有机物的可能蒸发和损失。 1.11 以国际单位制或英寸表示的数值- 磅单位应单独视为文本中的标准单位。英寸-磅单位显示在括号中。每个系统中规定的值不是精确的等价物;因此,每个系统应独立使用。合并两个系统的值可能会导致不符合本标准。 1.12 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题(如有)。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践,并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.13 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 颗粒物和收集的残渣排放率的测量是空气污染控制实践中广泛使用的一项重要测试。控制装置后的颗粒物测量对于确定大气总排放率是必要的。 5.1.1 这些测量在得到联邦和州机构批准后,通常需要用于确定是否符合法规和法令。 5.1.2 控制装置前后的测量通常是证明符合合同性能规范的必要手段。 5.2 使用这些试验方法获得的收集残留物对于表征烟囱排放也很重要。然而,除非对收集的残留物进行化学分析,否则这些数据的效用是有限的。
1.1 These test methods describe procedures to determine the mass emission rates of particulate matter and collected residue in gaseous streams by in-stack test methods (Test Method A) or out-of-stack test methods (Test Method B). 1.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring particulate matter and collected residue concentrations. 1.3 These test methods include a description of equipment and procedures to be used for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, a description of equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and a description of procedures for calculating results. 1.4 These test methods are applicable for sampling particulate matter and collected residue in wet (Test Method A or B) or dry (Test Method A) streams before and after particulate matter control equipment, and for determination of control device particulate matter collection efficiency. 1.5 These test methods are also applicable for determining compliance with regulations and statutes limiting particulate matter existing in stack gases when approved by federal or state agencies. 1.6 The particulate matter and collected residue samples collected by these test methods may be used for subsequent size and chemical analysis. 1.7 These test methods describe the instrumentation, equipment, and operational procedures, including site selection, necessary for sampling and determination of particulate mass emissions. These test methods also include procedures for collection and gravimetric determination of residues collected in an impinger-condenser train. The sampling and analysis of particulate matter may be performed independently or simultaneously with the determination of collected residue. 1.8 These test methods provide for the use of optional filter designs and filter material as necessary to accommodate the wide range of particulate matter loadings to which the test methods are applicable. 1.9 Stack temperatures limitation for Test Method A is approximately 400°C (752°F) and for Test Method B is 815°C (1500°F). 1.10 A known limitation of these test methods concerns the use of collected residue data. Since some collected residues can be formed in the sample train by chemical reaction in addition to condensation, these data should not be used without prior characterization (see 4.4.1 ). 1.10.1 A second limitation concerns the use of the test methods for sampling gas streams containing fluoride, or ammonia or calcium compounds in the presence of sulfur dioxide and other reactive species having the potential to react within the sample train. 1.10.2 A suspected but unverified limitation of these test methods concerns the possible vaporization and loss of collected particulate organic matter during a sampling run. 1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard within the text. The inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance to this standard. 1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test widely used in the practice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates to the atmosphere. 5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal and state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes. 5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary as a means of demonstrating conformance with contractual performance specifications. 5.2 The collected residue obtained with these test methods is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed.
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归口单位: D22.03.01
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