8量化建筑节能性能对于实现新建筑和现有建筑的高效目标至关重要。目前，建筑能源性能通常表现为整个建筑水平，如现场或源能源使用强度（EUI），或设备/组件水平，如成套DX设备的EER/SEER、制冷机COP、风扇效率、锅炉AFUE或热效率。尽管这些指标提供了有关整个建筑或单个设备/组件性能的一些见解，但缺乏系统级关键性能指标（KPI）来表示系统级性能。建筑系统通常是复杂且相互关联的，在系统层面识别KPI对于深入了解建筑系统的能源性能和运行效率至关重要。系统级KPI可用于性能基准测试和诊断。此外，目前的建筑能源标准（如ASHRAE 90）。 1、ASHRAE 189.1和加利福尼亚州标题24）没有系统性能合规路径。一套定义良好且经过验证的系统级KPI可以潜在地用作系统性能合规路径。本研究开发了一套系统级KPI，并展示了它们的应用。KPI涵盖主要建筑能源系统，包括室内照明、室外照明、制冷、供暖、通风、空气分配、配水、厂用热水和其他能源负荷。讨论了KPI定义和结构的基本原理。为了展示KPI的使用，典型的KPI值是通过模拟DOE参考的大型办公楼模型得出的。未来的工作包括扩展其他建筑类型的KPI，以及从实际建筑的测量数据中编译KPI，这为系统性能基准测试和诊断形成了一个有价值的数据集。引用:2019年冬季会议，佐治亚州亚特兰大，会议论文

8Quantifying building energy performance is essential for achieving high-efficiency goals for both new and existing buildings. Currently, building energy performance is usually represented either at the whole building level such as site or source energy use intensity (EUI), or at the equipment/component level such as EER/SEER for packaged DX equipment, chiller COP, fan efficiency, boiler AFUE or thermal efficiency. Although those metrics provide some insights into how the whole building or individual equipment/component performs, there lack system-level key performance indicators (KPIs) to represent system-level performance. Building systems are usually complicated and interconnected, identifying KPIs at the system level is critical to have a deep understanding of energy performance and operational efficiencies of building systems. System-level KPIs can be used for performance benchmarking and diagnostics. Moreover, current building energy standards (such as ASHRAE 90.1, ASHRAE 189.1, and California Title 24) do not have a system performance compliance path. A well-defined and validated set of system-level KPIs can be potentially used as a system performance compliance path. This study developed a suite of system-level KPIs and showcased their applications. The KPIs cover major building energy systems, including indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, cooling, heating, ventilation, air distribution, water distribution, service hot water, and miscellaneous energy loads. The rationales of KPIs definitions and structures are discussed. To showcase the use of the KPIs, typical KPI values are derived via simulations of the DOE reference large-sized office building models. Future work includes extending the KPIs for other building types, as well as compiling KPIs from measured data of real buildings, which forms a valuable dataset for system performance benchmarking and diagnostics.