本研究的总体目标是描述和提供形态学特征 对低压膜进行分析，比较清洁和污染的膜。 原子力显微镜显示，清洁的PES膜相对光滑，而 清洁的再生纤维素膜粗糙。AFM图像中的污染超滤膜 分析表明，对于光滑的PES膜和 粗糙的YM膜表面覆盖率降低。 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察到两种清洁的膜 显微镜（FESEM）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的图像分析应用于 MF膜提供了与减少污染相关的污染机制的解释 孔径、孔隙堵塞和/或表面（凝胶层）覆盖。扫描电镜图像 每个膜的FESEM都用孔隙率、孔密度和平均值进行了量化 孔径半径和孔径分布使用图像处理程序。包括表格、数字。

The overall objective of this research was to characterize and provide morphological analyses of low-pressure membranes comparing clean and fouled membranes. Atomic force microscopy shows that a clean PES membrane is relatively smooth while a clean regenerated cellulose membrane is rough. Fouled UF membrane in AFM image analysis demonstrated that the roughness increased for the smooth PES membrane and decreased for the rough YM membrane demonstrating evidence of surface coverage. Both clean membranes have been visualized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Image analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) applied to MF membranes provides explanations of fouling mechanisms associated with reduced pore size, pore blockage, and/or surface (gel layer) coverage. Images obtained with SEM and FESEM for each membrane have been quantified with porosity, pore density, mean pore radius and pore size distribution using an image processing program. Includes tables, figures.