1.1 本文件的范围概述了添加剂制造（AM）数据的解释。目前，遗留AM数据存储在不同的数据库或数据管理系统中，每个数据库或数据管理系统都使用自己的数据字典。通用数据字典允许发现、映射、联合和分析AM数据谱系，以提高对AM过程和部件的理解和鉴定。 1.2 通用数据字典通过以下方式促进AM数据的互操作性、搜索性和可重用性: (1) 识别已在标准化术语中定义的通用AM数据谱系元素，以及 (2) 用无可争议的语义（含义）定义那些突出的术语。本文件的目标是提供通用数据字典的第一个子集，通过该子集可以收集、管理和共享AM数据，无论使用何种技术平台和软件进行数据存储和交换。 1.3 通用数据字典还规定了将AM数据谱系分组为十五个信息模块的方法，这些信息模块涉及整个增材制造过程的不同方面。 1.4 通用数据字典方法指定用于唯一标识AM数据元素的数据元素名称。本规程还规定了每个数据元素的数据类型、值域和术语定义。提供了现有标准中具有既定定义的数据元素的参考。 1.5 此通用数据字典中标识的数据元素被认为是必不可少的，因为它们在AM中最常见，与流程无关，与技术无关。它们广泛适用于ISO/ASTM中定义的所有工艺类别 52900 . 它旨在作为一个起点，而不是全部。 1.6 通用数据字典未指定: 1.6.1 通过AM开发生命周期和价值链交换的一整套数据项。 1.6.2 为AM生命周期和价值链活动交换的最小数据项集。 1.6.3 通用AM数据交换格式。 1.6.4 与如何实现数据项的通用描述相关的细节，以开发新的数据系统或异构数据系统之间的数据联合。 1.7 除了现有ASTM、ISO、AWS、NASA和SAE标准中定义的数据元素外，还引入了其他数据元素，以提高AM的实用性。这些新数据项通常很常见- 在AM行业中经常使用。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本标准可用于AM数据- 系统开发人员设计或更新满足业务和流程要求的数据库。信息模块为AM数据结构提供了基础。数据元素的标准定义、其数据类型和允许值可直接用于定义AM数据库的属性。 5.2 本标准适用于希望共享AM数据或开发AM数据管理系统的组织和人员。本标准中定义的信息模块代表一组主要的AM概念。这些概念可用于开发通用数据模型和通用数据交换格式，从而实现不同AM数据管理系统之间的数据传输。由于传统AM数据管理系统可能使用不同的数据元素定义，因此需要翻译人员将其专有数据映射为通用数据交换格式。 此通用格式将支持从原始本机格式导出和导入到原始本机格式。 5.3 本标准是创建社区同意的所有AM数据元素的通用定义和表示的来源。以前，只有少数高级数据元素存在标准定义。这限制了组织共享这些标准中未包含的AM数据元素的能力。此外，大多数商用AM数据管理软件应用程序使用每个组织内部定义的数据元素，因此无意中阻碍了与其他组织的软件解决方案轻松共享完整AM数据集的能力。 5.4 该标准大大简化了整个行业AM数据元素的通信和使用。 它通过在单个位置提供对15个信息模块中各个元素的共同理解来实现这一点。每个组织都可以提高使用和分析符合此标准的AM数据集的信心，即使这些数据集是由其他组织生成的。该标准还将提供一个起点，从中构建通用数据格式，以促进AM数据集在这些组织之间的传输。 5.5 并非所有数据元素都适用于所有用例。数据项的某些定义仅适用于某些情况。例如，“试样方向”和“试样位置”仅适用于从制造零件中提取的试样，而不适用于粉末试样。

1.1 The scope of this document outlines the interpretation of additive manufacturing (AM) data. Currently, legacy AM data is stored in different databases or data management systems, each of which uses its own data dictionary. A common data dictionary allows AM data pedigree to be discovered, mapped, federated, and analyzed to improve both the understanding and qualification of AM processes and parts. 1.2 A common data dictionary facilitates the interoperability, searchability, and reusability of AM data by (1) identifying the general AM data pedigree elements already defined in a standardized terminology and (2) defining those salient terms with indisputable semantics (meanings). The goal of this document is to provide a first subset of the common data dictionary by which AM data may be collected, curated, and shared, regardless of which technology platform and software are used for data storage and exchange. 1.3 The common data dictionary also specifies a way to group AM data pedigree into fifteen information modules pertaining to different aspects of the entire additive manufacturing process. 1.4 The common data dictionary approach specifies data element names that serve to uniquely identify the AM data elements. The data type, value domain, and term definition for each data element are also specified in this practice. References are provided for those data elements with established definitions in existing standards. 1.5 The data elements identified in this common data dictionary are considered essential, because they are most frequently encountered in AM, process agnostic and technology independent. They are broadly applicable to all the process categories defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 . It is intended to be a starting point, not all-encompassing. 1.6 The common data dictionary does not specify: 1.6.1 A complete set of data items to be exchanged through AM development lifecycle and value chains. 1.6.2 A minimum set of data items to be exchanged for AM lifecycle and value chain activities. 1.6.3 A common AM data exchange format. 1.6.4 The details associated with how the common descriptions of data items should be implemented for the development of new data systems or data federations among heterogeneous data systems. 1.7 Additional data elements beyond those defined in existing ASTM, ISO, AWS, NASA and SAE standards have been introduced to provide increased utility for AM. These new data items are generally common-sense and frequently used in the AM industry. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This standard can be used by AM data-system developers to design or update a database that meets business and process requirements. The information modules provide a foundation for an AM data structure. Standard definitions of data elements, their data types, and allowable values can be used directly to define the attributes for AM databases. 5.2 This standard is intended for organizations and personnel who wish to share AM data or who develop AM data management systems. The information modules defined in this standard represent a primary set of AM concepts. These concepts can be used to develop a common data model and a common data-exchange format, thereby enabling the transfer of data between different AM data management systems. Since legacy AM data management systems may use different data element definitions, translators will be needed to map their proprietary data into the common data exchange format. This common format will support both exporting from and importing to the original native formats. 5.3 This standard serves as the source for creating common definitions of and representations for all the AM data elements that have been agreed-upon by the community. Previously, standard definitions existed for only a few, high-level, data elements. This limited the ability of organizations to share AM data elements that were not included in those standards. Additionally, most commercially available AM data management software applications used each organization’s internally defined data elements, thereby inadvertently hindering the ability to easily share full AM data sets with other organizations’ software solutions. 5.4 This standard significantly eases the communication and use of AM data elements across the industry. It does this by providing, in a single location, a common understanding of individual elements within 15 information modules. Each organization can have increased confidence in using and analyzing AM data sets that adhere to this standard, even when those data sets are generated by another organization. This standard will also provide a starting point from which to build a common data format that will facilitate the transfer of AM data sets among those organizations. 5.5 Not all the data elements are applicable to all the use cases. Some of the definitions of the data items are only applicable to certain cases. For example, “Specimen Orientation” and “Specimen Location” are only applicable to specimens extracted from a built part, not powder specimens.