1.1 本指南就设计、材料选择、制造、安装、检验、验证测试、质量控制和保证的可用技术和方法向用户提供指导和指导。 1.2 如果正确使用和实施这些最低准则，可以帮助确保行业结构的安全可靠。 1.3 一旦确定了与热、化学和侵蚀环境相关的使用条件，本指南就提供了正确设计FRP衬里的最低要求。由于衬管高度、直径和环境的变化，每个衬管都必须单独设计和详细说明。 1.4 提供了必要的树脂和增强材料的选择、层压板的组成以及适当的测试方法。 1.5 一旦选择了材料并设计了衬里，就制定了适当制造衬里的程序。 1.6 审查现场安装、施工顺序、适当的现场接缝准备和对准。 1.7 为设计、制造和安装阶段制定了质量控制和保证程序。质量保证计划规定了适当的权力和责任、设计、材料、制造和安装的控制、检查程序、公差和标准符合性。质量控制程序提供了实施质量保证程序所需的步骤。 1.8 附录X1 包括研究和开发主题，以进一步支持本指南的建议。 1.9 免责声明 读者应注意，在应用本指南中规定的数据或建议时，必须进行独立的专业判断。本文所含材料的发布并不意味着ASTM表示或保证该信息适用于一般或特定用途，或不侵犯任何专利。 任何使用此信息的人都应承担因使用此信息而产生的所有责任。结构设计属于持牌建筑师、结构工程师或其他持牌专业人员的专业知识范围，用于将原理应用于特定结构。 注1: 目前还没有与该标准等效的ISO。 1.10 以英寸磅为单位的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.11 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 部分 简介和背景 范围和目标 1. 参考文件 2. ASTM标准 2.1 ACI标准 2.2 NFPA标准 2.3 ASME标准 2.4 术语 3. ASTM标准通用定义 3.1 适用定义 3.2 本标准专用术语说明 3.3 符号 3.4 意义和用途 4. 服务和操作环境 5. 使用条件 5.1 环境严重性 5.2 化学环境 5.3 侵蚀/磨损环境 5.4 工作温度环境 5.5 异常环境 5.6 其他操作和服务环境 5.7 静电积聚 5.8 火焰蔓延 5.9 材料 6. 原材料 6.1 层压板组成 6.2 层压板特性 6.3 设计 7. 设计 7.1 假设 7.2 恒载 7.3 风荷载 7.4 地震荷载 7.5 热负荷 7.6 周向压力载荷 7.7 荷载系数 7.8 阻力系数 7.9 荷载组合 7.10 容许纵向应力 7.11 容许周向应力 7.12 设计限制 7.13 公差 7.14 挠度 7.15 关键设计注意事项和细节 7.16 制作 8. 制作 8.1 制造商的责任 8.2 制造设施 8.3 一般施工 8.4 制造设备 8.5 树脂系统 8.6 钢筋 8.7 制造程序 8.8 搬运和运输 8.9 安装附件 8.10 公差 8.11 玻璃钢衬里的安装 9 安装方案和顺序 9.1 现场搬运和储存 9.2 安装附件 9.3 现场接头 9.4 现场接头层压程序 9.5 质量保证和质量控制 10 质量保证和质量控制 10.1 质量保证计划 10.2 质量 保证监督 10.3 检查 10.4 提交资料 10.5 运行维护和启动程序 11 初次启动 11.1 操作和维护 11.2 附件 典型检查清单 附件A1 附录 实况报道 附录X1 工具书类 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南为玻璃钢烟囱内衬的设计专业人员、制造商、安装商和最终用户提供了信息、要求和建议。FRP是一种成本效益高且适合在腐蚀性化学环境中在中等温度下运行的衬里的结构材料。 4.2 本指南为燃煤机组混凝土烟囱的玻璃钢内衬的设计、制造和安装提供了一致性和一致性。其他化石燃料需要对操作和使用条件以及对材料选择的影响进行彻底审查。 4.3 本指南仅限于支撑混凝土外壳内的FRP衬里，不适用于其他FRP圆柱形结构。

1.1 This guide offers direction and guidance to the user concerning available techniques and methods for design, material selection, fabrication, erection, inspection, confirmatory testing, quality control and assurance. 1.2 These minimum guidelines, when properly used and implemented, can help ensure a safe and reliable structure for the industry. 1.3 This guide offers minimum requirements for the proper design of a FRP liner once the service conditions relative to thermal, chemical, and erosive environments are defined. Due to the variability in liner height, diameter, and the environment, each liner must be designed and detailed individually. 1.4 Selection of the necessary resins and reinforcements, composition of the laminate, and proper testing methods are offered. 1.5 Once the material is selected and the liner designed, procedures for proper fabrication of the liner are developed. 1.6 Field erection, sequence of construction, proper field-joint preparation, and alignment are reviewed. 1.7 Quality control and assurance procedures are developed for the design, fabrication, and erection phases. The quality-assurance program defines the proper authority and responsibility, control of design, material, fabrication and erection, inspection procedures, tolerances, and conformity to standards. The quality-control procedures provide the steps required to implement the quality-assurance program. 1.8 Appendix X1 includes research and development subjects to further support recommendations of this guide. 1.9 Disclaimer— The reader is cautioned that independent professional judgment must be exercised when data or recommendations set forth in this guide are applied. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of ASTM that this information is suitable for general or particular use, or freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. The design of structures is within the scope of expertise of a licensed architect, structural engineer, or other licensed professional for the application of principles to a particular structure. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Section Introduction and Background Scope and Objective 1 Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 ACI Standard 2.2 NFPA Standard 2.3 ASME Standards 2.4 Terminology 3 ASTM Standard General Definitions 3.1 Applicable Definitions 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.3 Symbols 3.4 Significance and Use 4 Service and Operating Environments 5 Service Conditions 5.1 Environmental Severity 5.2 Chemical Environment 5.3 Erosion/Abrasion Environment 5.4 Operating Temperature Environment 5.5 Abnormal Environments 5.6 Other Operating and Service Environments 5.7 Static Electricity Build-Up 5.8 Flame Spread 5.9 Materials 6 Raw Materials 6.1 Laminate Composition 6.2 Laminate Properties 6.3 Design 7 Design 7.1 Assumptions 7.2 Dead Loads 7.3 Wind Loads 7.4 Earthquake Loads 7.5 Thermal Loads 7.6 Circumferential Pressure Loads 7.7 Load Factors 7.8 Resistance Factors 7.9 Loading Combinations 7.10 Allowable Longitudinal Stresses 7.11 Allowable Circumferential Stresses 7.12 Design Limits 7.13 Tolerances 7.14 Deflections 7.15 Critical Deign Considerations and Details 7.16 Fabrication 8 Fabrication 8.1 Reponsibility of Fabricator 8.2 Fabrication Facility 8.3 General Construction 8.4 Fabrication Equipment 8.5 Resin Systems 8.6 Reinforcement 8.7 Fabrication Procedures 8.8 Handling and Transportation 8.9 Erection Appurtenances 8.10 Tolerances 8.11 Erection of FRP Liners 9 Erection Scheme and Sequence 9.1 Handling and Storage on Site 9.2 Erection Appurtenances 9.3 Field Joints 9.4 Field Joints Lamination Procedure 9.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 10.1 Quality-Assurance Program 10.2 Quality-Assurance Surveillance 10.3 Inspections 10.4 Submittals 10.5 Operation Maintenance and Start-Up Procedures 11 Initial Start-Up 11.1 Operation and Maintenance 11.2 Annex Typical Inspection Checklist Annex A1 Appendix Commentary Appendix X1 References 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide provides information, requirements and recommendations for design professionals, fabricators, installers and end-users of FRP chimney liners. FRP is a cost-effective and appropriate material of construction for liners operating at moderate temperatures in a corrosive chemical environment. 4.2 This guide provides uniformity and consistency to the design, fabrication, and erection of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) liners for concrete chimneys with coal-fired units. Other fossil fuels will require a thorough review of the operating and service conditions and the impact on material selection. 4.3 This guide is limited specifically to FRP liners within a supporting concrete shell and is not applicable to other FRP cylindrical structures.