The information presented in this paper has been developed as part of an ongoing
AwwaRF Project #3116, Strategy to Manage and Respond to Total Coliform and E. coli
in the Distribution System. The objective of this paper was to describe strategies used by
utilities to identify causes of coliform positives and strategies used to mitigate
occurrences based on a summary of case studies that have been developed for the
AwwaRF project. These case studies present examples of current industry practices and
also serve as examples of strategies that may be used to address microbial problems in
the distribution system. Additionally, this paper presents the results of a survey
conducted at an Experts Workshop on microbial source tracking tools and strategies that
utilities could apply in different microbial water quality scenarios. The appropriate
strategies for investigation and mitigation depend on multiple factors including the
suspected cause of the microbial problem, the type of Total Coliform Rule violation or
problem the system is experiencing, and system-specific factors affecting distribution
system water quality. Due to the wide range of variables associated with these issues, the
AwwaRF Project Team is developing a toolbox of strategies that can be used by utilities
based on system-specific circumstances. Includes tables, figures.