1.1 本试验方法涵盖了使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）定量测定在室温下从食物接触表面用乙酸提取的铅和镉的程序。该方法适用于由硅酸盐材料（陶器、釉面陶瓷器、装饰陶瓷器、装饰玻璃和铅晶体玻璃）组成的食品接触表面，并能够测定大于0.005至0.020μg/mL的铅浓度和大于0.0005至0.002μg/mL的镉浓度，具体取决于仪器设计。 1.2 本试验方法还描述了在石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析过程中检查污染和基质干扰的质量控制程序，以及证明在分析样品溶液的时间段内仪器操作正确的特定分析测量序列。 1.3 本试验方法中描述了清洁和其他污染控制程序。用户可以修改污染控制程序，前提是这些修改产生可接受的结果，并用于样品和质量控制分析。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 铅和镉的毒性作用众所周知，许多国家对食物中这些元素的释放进行了监管。监管决定基于乙酸24小时浸出的结果，因为该试验方法的结果准确且易于使用。然而，食品中提取的铅和镉的浓度可能与本方法的结果不同，因为消费者使用的典型酸度、接触时间和温度与本试验方法的结果不同。 5.2 本试验方法仅适用于无污染环境，应由合格的技术人员执行。人们认识到，在非实验室环境中使用该方法来保证和控制陶瓷工艺的质量并不实用或合适。建议用户使用测试方法 C738 （火焰原子吸收光谱法）用于后者。

1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantitatively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware. The method is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed of silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware, decorated ceramicware, decorated glass, and lead crystal glass) and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than 0.005 to 0.020 μg/mL and cadmium concentrations greater than 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/mL, depending on instrument design. 1.2 This test method also describes quality control procedures to check for contamination and matrix interference during GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation during the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed. 1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures are described in this test method. Users may modify contamination control procedures provided that the modifications produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and quality control analyses. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Toxic effects of lead and cadmium are well known and release of these elements from foodware is regulated by many countries. Regulatory decisions are based on results of 24-h leaching with acetic acid because results of this test method are precise and accurate and this test method is easy to use. Concentrations of lead and cadmium extracted by food may be different from results of this method, however, because acidity, contact time, and temperature typical of consumer use are different from those of this test method. 5.2 This test method is intended for application only in contamination-free settings and should be performed by well-qualified technical personnel. It is recognized that it is not a practical or appropriate method to use in a nonlaboratory environment for quality assurance and control of the ceramic process. Users are advised to use Test Method C738 (flame AAS) for purposes of the latter.