1.1 本指南涵盖了适用于运动场警示跑道区域施工和维护的技术。本指南为选择用于建造或修复警戒线区域的材料（如土壤和沙子）以及选择将保持警戒线安全和运行的管理实践提供了指导。虽然本指南适用于可能需要或需要警告跑道表面的所有运动，但它对棒球/垒球有特定的应用。 1.2 本指南不涉及合成警告轨道，如橡胶表面、人造草皮或铺砌表面。 1.3 选择施工和维护技术的决定受当地土壤类型、气候因素、发挥水平、预算和管理人员的培训/能力的影响。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中的值仅供参考。 1.5 本标准可能涉及危险材料、操作和设备。本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 警告跑道是位于比赛区域边缘的比赛场地，用于向球员发出警告，告知他或她正在接近危险（通常是栅栏）或出界区域。为了提供有效的警告跑道表面，警告跑道的构造和维护方式必须使玩家能够感觉到常规比赛表面和警告跑道纹理的变化，而无需观看。 这一特点非常重要，因为球员在比赛中经常在视觉上专注于球，当他/她跑向警戒线时，他/她不会看地面。警告跑道的建造和维护方式也必须确保警告跑道本身或表面过渡不会对球员造成危险。 4.2 运动场的警戒跑道区域应提供均匀的表面和良好的基础。警告音轨表面纹理与周围播放表面的变化必须具有足够的对比度，以便玩家可以在不看的情况下感觉到变化。通常情况下，跑道表面没有草皮或其他植被。 然而，在主要比赛场地是有皮区域的情况下，如果草皮警告跑道区域的目的是“警告”玩家即将发生的危险，则可以使用草皮警告跑道区域。这可能是垒球的情况，其中整个内场比赛表面是一个有皮区域，沿着一垒和三垒栅栏线使用草皮警告跑道。起伏、粗糙表面、硬或软表面、杂草、石块、碎片、湿点等会影响良好、安全的警告轨道。警告轨道的安全性和有效性在很大程度上受施工和维护程序的影响，本指南介绍了这些程序。 4.2. 1. 施工期间，应考虑该区域所用材料的物理和化学性质、无石块、棍棒和其他碎屑、表面排水和内部排水等因素。还应考虑地面标高，以便从比赛场地过渡到可能造成绊倒或坠落危险的警戒跑道区域不会产生剧烈变化。 4.2.2 影响表面可玩性的维护实践包括封边、拖拉、滚动、浇水、植被控制以及清除可能对游戏和安全产生不利影响的石块和碎片。 4.3 负责棒球场和垒球场的设计、建造或维护或其组合的人员，或已确定需要警示跑道区域的比赛区域的人员，将受益于本指南。

1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of warning track areas on sports fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil and sand for use in constructing or reconditioning warning track areas and for selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and functioning warning track. Although this guide has applications to all sports where a warning track surface may be required or desired, it has specific applications to baseball/softball. 1.2 This guide does not address synthetic warning tracks such as rubberized surfaces, artificial turf, or paved surfaces. 1.3 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by local soil types, climatic factors, level of play, budget, and training/ability of management personnel. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Warning tracks are playing surfaces located on the margins of the playing area for the purpose of providing a warning to the player that he or she is approaching a hazard (commonly a fence) or out-of-bounds area. In order to provide for an effective warning track surface, the warning track must be constructed and maintained in such a manner so that the player can sense the change in texture from the regular playing surface and the warning track without having to look. This feature is very important in that the player is often visually focused on the ball during play and would not be looking at the ground as he/she is running toward the warning track. The warning track must also be constructed and maintained in such a manner that the warning track itself, or the surface transition, does not pose a hazard to the players. 4.2 The warning track areas of sports fields should provide a uniform surface with good footing. The change in surface texture of the warning track from the surrounding playing surface must be of enough contrast such that the player can sense the change without looking. Most often, warning track surfaces are devoid of turf or other vegetation. However, turfed warning track areas may be used in instances where such purpose is to “warn” the player of an impending hazard where the primary playing surface is a skinned area. This may be the case in softball where the entire infield playing surface is a skinned area and a turfed warning track is used along the first base and third base fencelines. Undulations, rough surface, hard or soft surface, weeds, stones, debris, wets spots, etc. detract from a good, safe warning track. The safety and effectiveness of the warning track is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures and this guide addresses those procedures. 4.2.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones, sticks, and other debris, and surface drainage and internal drainage. Consideration should also be given to the surface elevation such that a drastic change is not produced by the transition from the playing surface to the warning track area which may create a tripping or falling hazard. 4.2.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include edging, dragging, rolling, watering, vegetation control, and removal of stones and debris that may adversely affect play and safety. 4.3 Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of baseball and softball fields, or play areas where the need for a warning track area has been identified, will benefit from this guide.