在实时运行中优化能效是冷气候热泵系统的一个关键问题，而基于模型的控制/优化策略可能涉及昂贵的建模和校准。作为一种无模型控制策略，极值搜索控制被用于优化三种配置的运行效率:内部换热器循环蒸汽喷射、闪蒸罐蒸汽喷射和级联热泵。仿真研究验证了控制策略的有效性。引用:2019年年度会议，密苏里州堪萨斯城，扩展摘要

Optimizing energy efficiency in real-time operation is a critical issue for cold-climate heat pump systems, while model based control/optimization strategiesmay involve costly modeling and calibration. As a model-free control strategy, extremum seeking control has been applied to optimize the operationalefficiency for three configrations: internal heat exchanger cycle vapor injection, flash tank vapor injection and cascade heat pump. Simulation studiesvalidate the effectiveness of the control strategy.