1.1 本规程涵盖通过测量井含水层系统对井中水位突然变化的无力（过阻尼）响应来确定透射率。井中水位对水位突变的无力响应的特点是以近似指数的方式恢复到初始水位，惯性效应可以忽略不计。 1.2 本规程中的分析程序与试验方法中的现场程序结合使用 D4044/D4044M 用于收集测试数据。 1.3 限制- 段塞测试被认为是提供透射率的估计。尽管该实践的假设规定了一口完全穿透的井（在含水层的整个厚度上打开的井），但段塞测试通常使用部分穿透的井进行。 在含水层分层且水平导水率远大于垂直导水率的条件下，可以接受这种做法。在这种情况下，测试将被视为代表与井开放区间相邻的含水层部分的平均导水率。 1.4 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.4.1 用于规定如何在标准中收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。 使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本实践的范围。 1.5 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 以国际单位制以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 Cooper等人解的假设 ( 1. ) : 5.1.1 控制井中的水头变化是瞬时的 t = 0 5.1.2 该井直径有限，完全穿透含水层。 5.1.3 非渗漏含水层中的水流是径向的。 注2: Richards的精确守恒方程 ( 5. ) 体积含水量可以简化为溶液中使用的形式 ( 1. ) 与存储系数，这意味着几个假设，包括恒定总应力 ( 6. ) . 5.2 假设的含义: 5.2.1 应用的数学方程忽略惯性效应，并假设水位以近似指数方式返回静态水位。 井和含水层的几何结构如所示 图1 . 图1 突然注入段塞水的井的横截面 5.2.2 假设适用于承压或受限条件以及全穿透井。然而，这种做法通常适用于部分穿透井和无侧限含水层，如果水平导水率显著大于垂直导水率，则可以提供与井的开放区间相邻的含水层区间的导水率估计值。 注3: 段塞和泵送试验隐含假设为多孔介质。断裂岩石和碳酸盐岩环境可能无法提供有意义的数据和信息。 5.2.3 正如Cooper等人所指出的 ( 1. ) 由于曲线形状相似，因此通过这种做法确定储能系数的可靠性值得怀疑，然而，透射率的确定对选择正确的曲线并不那么敏感。然而，所选曲线不应意味着存储系数过大或过小。 注4: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。 本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 注5: 一些已发表的文献 ( 7. , 6. ) 讨论了段塞试验的适当性。这些还没有被普遍接受，行业继续使用这种做法。

1.1 This practice covers the determination of transmissivity from the measurement of force-free (overdamped) response of a well-aquifer system to a sudden change of water level in a well. Force-free response of water level in a well to a sudden change in water level is characterized by recovery to initial water level in an approximate exponential manner with negligible inertial effects. 1.2 The analytical procedure in this practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method D4044/D4044M for collection of test data. 1.3 Limitations— Slug tests are considered to provide an estimate of transmissivity. Although the assumptions of this practice prescribe a fully penetrating well (a well open through the full thickness of the aquifer), the slug test is commonly conducted using a partially penetrating well. Such a practice may be acceptable for application under conditions in which the aquifer is stratified and horizontal hydraulic conductivity is much greater than vertical hydraulic conductivity. In such a case the test would be considered to be representative of the average hydraulic conductivity of the portion of the aquifer adjacent to the open interval of the well. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this practice to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.5 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions of Solution of Cooper et al ( 1 ) : 5.1.1 The head change in the control well is instantaneous at time t = 0. 5.1.2 Well is of finite diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer. 5.1.3 Flow in the nonleaky aquifer is radial. Note 2: The exact conservation equation of Richards ( 5 ) with the volumetric water content can be simplified to take the form used in the solution of ( 1 ) with the storage coefficient, which implies several assumptions including that of constant total stresses ( 6 ) . 5.2 Implications of Assumptions: 5.2.1 The mathematical equations applied ignore inertial effects and assume the water level returns the static level in an approximate exponential manner. The geometric configuration of the well and aquifer are shown in Fig. 1 . FIG. 1 Cross Section Through a Well in Which a Slug of Water is Suddenly Injected 5.2.2 Assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions and fully penetrating wells. However, this practice is commonly applied to partially penetrating wells and in unconfined aquifers where it may provide estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the aquifer interval adjacent to the open interval of the well if the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is significantly greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity. Note 3: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information. 5.2.3 As pointed out by Cooper et al ( 1 ) the determination of storage coefficient by this practice has questionable reliability because of the similar shape of the curves, whereas, the determination of transmissivity is not as sensitive to choosing the correct curve. However, the curve selected should not imply a storage coefficient unrealistically large or small. Note 4: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 5: Some published literature ( 7 , 6 ) have discussed the appropriateness of the slug test. These have not been universally accepted and the industry continues to use this practice.