1.1 本指南涵盖与一氧化碳中毒事件相关的信息和物证的收集和保存。 1.2 本指南并非旨在解决一氧化碳暴露的医疗影响。 1.3 本指南不是调查敌对火灾或密闭空气系统或密闭空间污染引起的一氧化碳中毒的指南。NFPA中提供了与火灾相关的一氧化碳中毒调查指南 921 1.4 本指南不适用于从事故现场移除设备并在受控环境下进行的调查。 1.5 本指南旨在供广泛的调查人员使用，包括急救人员、器械技术人员和工程师。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 本指南供调查一氧化碳中毒事件的个人使用。 如果遵循本指南，可以确定一氧化碳中毒事件的原因，并确定纠正措施以防止未来的事件。 3.2 当试图确定一氧化碳的来源时，请考虑几乎每台燃料燃烧发动机、锅炉、熔炉、燃烧器、炉子或火都会在一定程度上产生一氧化碳。所有碳基燃料（例如汽油、柴油、天然气、丙烷、煤、木材、纸制品、塑料）都会因不完全燃烧而产生一氧化碳。当没有足够的空气完全燃烧时，一氧化碳可能成为燃烧的主要产物。在正常运行的燃油燃烧设备（例如，家用炉子和热水器）中，产生的一氧化碳水平可能低至百万分之一百或更少（即0。 01 %). 在这些设备中，故障可能会导致一氧化碳浓度显著升高（10 000 ppm至100 ppm 000 ppm或更高）。正常运行的内燃机也可能产生约10%的一氧化碳浓度 000 ppm或更高。 3.3 注意一氧化碳对人和宠物的影响。一氧化碳可作为中枢神经系统抑制剂。随着剂量的增加（浓度和暴露时间的组合），症状可能包括头痛、头晕、虚弱、胃部不适、呕吐、胸痛和意识模糊，并可能导致死亡。一氧化碳特别危险，因为它是无色无味的，不会对其存在发出警告。吸入一氧化碳后，一氧化碳与血液中的血红蛋白结合，产生碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）。 一氧化碳对血红蛋白的亲和力大约是氧气对血红蛋白亲和力的200倍。因此，血液会积聚危险水平的COHb，剥夺身体的氧气。 3.4 由于调查人员本身有可能成为一氧化碳水平升高的受害者，因此应格外小心，以确保调查人员和任何其他有继续接触一氧化碳风险的人的安全。需要使用一氧化碳监测和测量设备来确保在场人员的生命安全，并确定问题的原因及其解决方案。 图1 一氧化碳积聚的常见位置

1.1 This guide covers collection and preservation of information and physical evidence related to incidents involving the poisoning of individuals by carbon monoxide. 1.2 This guide is not intended to address the medical effects of carbon monoxide exposure. 1.3 This guide is not intended to be a guide for investigating carbon monoxide poisoning caused by hostile fires, or contamination in closed air systems or confined spaces. Guidance on the investigation of carbon monoxide poisonings related to fire can be found in NFPA 921. 1.4 This guide is not intended for an investigation where equipment is removed from the incident site and conducted in a more controlled setting. 1.5 This guide is intended to be used by a wide range of investigators, including first responders, appliance technicians and engineers. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 This guide is intended for use by individuals who investigate incidents involving carbon monoxide poisoning. If this guide is followed, the cause for the carbon monoxide poisoning incident may be determined, and corrective action may be identified to prevent future incidents. 3.2 When attempting to identify the source of carbon monoxide, consider that it is produced at some level in virtually every fuel-burning engine, boiler, furnace, burner, stove or fire. All carbon-based fuels (for example, gasoline, diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, coal, wood, paper products, plastics) produce carbon monoxide as a result of incomplete combustion. When there is insufficient air for complete combustion, carbon monoxide can become a major product of combustion. In properly-operating fuel-fired combustion appliances (for example, residential furnaces and water heaters), the level of carbon monoxide produced may be as little as a hundred parts per million or less (that is, 0.01 %). In those same appliances, malfunctions can potentially result in significantly higher carbon monoxide concentrations (10 000 ppm to 100 000 ppm, or higher). Properly-operating internal combustion engines may also generate carbon monoxide concentrations on the order of 10 000 ppm or higher. 3.3 Be aware of the effects of carbon monoxide on humans and pets. Carbon monoxide acts as a central nervous system depressant. With increasing dosage (combination of concentration and time of exposure) symptoms may include headache, dizziness, weakness, upset stomach, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion, and may lead to death. Carbon monoxide is especially hazardous because it is colorless and odorless, providing no warning of its presence. When inhaled, carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the blood, creating carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). The affinity of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin is approximately 200 times greater than the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin. Therefore, the blood can accumulate dangerous levels of COHb, depriving the body of oxygen. 3.4 Since there is the potential for investigators to become victims of elevated carbon monoxide levels themselves, extreme care should be taken to assure the safety of investigators and anyone else at risk of continuing carbon monoxide exposure. Carbon monoxide monitoring and measurement equipment is required to ensure life safety of those present, as well as to determine the cause of the problem and its solution. FIG. 1 Common Locations of Carbon Monoxide Build-Up