自动驾驶汽车（AVs）利用多个设备，如高分辨率摄像头和雷达传感器，来解释驾驶环境并实现完全自主。其中一种仪器——光探测和测距（LiDAR）传感器——的功能类似于雷达，但使用的是脉冲红外光，通常波长为905 nm或1550 nm。激光雷达传感器接收来自物体的反射光，并计算每个物体的距离和位置。 在当前车辆中，外部汽车涂料系统覆盖的面积比任何其他外部材料都大。因此，了解激光雷达波长如何与其他车辆涂层相互作用，对于未来自动驾驶技术的安全至关重要。 有些涂层比其他涂层更容易被激光雷达探测到。一般来说，深色可以吸收多达95%的入射激光雷达强度，从而减少反射到传感器的信号量。白色汽车更容易被检测到，因为它们具有较高的红外反射率。许多其他因素，如光泽度、效果颜料和表面修整，都会影响反射率，甚至会导致激光雷达传感器失明。 另一方面，几个变量定义了激光雷达和感知系统的整体性能，包括涂料的红外反射率，以及目标物体的几何结构、采用的激光雷达技术类型、目标表面的角度、环境条件和传感器融合软件架构。 传感技术和材料是两个不同的行业，在感知和系统感知方面没有直接互动。随着AV行业的新应用，需要以多学科的方式采取措施，以确保未来的可靠和安全技术。 本报告提供了从颜料和涂料制造商到激光雷达组件和车辆系统开发与集成的不同行业细分的横向视图，以及所涉及的不同变量和技术的结构化分解。 注:SAE EDGE研究报告旨在确定和阐明移动行业感兴趣的新兴但尚未解决的技术中的关键问题。 SAE EDGE研究报告的目标是激发讨论和工作，以期促进和加快已识别问题的解决。这些报告并不是为了解决它们所确定的挑战，也不是为了将任何主题关闭以供进一步审查。

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments--the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor--functions like radar, but utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm. The LiDAR sensor receives the reflected light from objects and calculates each object's distance and position. In current vehicles, the exterior automotive paint system covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with other vehicles' coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Some coatings are more easily detected by LiDAR than others. In general, dark colors can absorb as much as 95% of the incident LiDAR intensity, reducing the amount of signal reflected toward the sensor. White cars are more easily detected as they exhibit high IR reflectivity. Many other factors like gloss level, effect pigments, and refinishes can affect reflectivity and even blind LiDAR sensors. On the other hand, several variables define overall LiDAR and perception system performance, including IR reflectivity of paint but also the target object's geometry, the type of LiDAR technology employed, angle of the target surface, environmental conditions, and sensor fusion software architecture. Sensing Technologies and Materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, approaches need to be taken in a multidisciplinary way to ensure a reliable and safe technology for the future. This report provides a transversal view of the different industry segments from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR component and vehicle system development and integration, and a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved. NOTE: SAE EDGE Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.