1.1 本指南涵盖并提供了有助于规划实验室测试或一系列测试的信息，从中可以推断出未使用的完全配制的液压液的原始形式的生物降解性信息。生物降解性是在判断液压液的环境影响时评估的三个特征之一。另外两个特征是生态毒性和生物累积性。 1.2 生物降解性可根据环境隔室的类型来考虑:好氧淡水、好氧海洋、好氧土壤和厌氧介质。已经开发出适合每个隔间中测试的关注点和需求的好氧淡水、好氧土壤和厌氧介质的测试方法。 1.3 本指南涉及使用液压流体时对环境的排放，但并不涵盖重大意外排放的情况。本指南中讨论的测试至少需要三到四周的时间。 因此，在使用液压流体之前，并因此在可能发生意外释放之前，更有效地解决了与液压流体的生物降解性有关的问题。本指南中的任何内容都不应免除用户正确使用和处理液压油的责任。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南讨论了评估液压流体进入已知支持某些物质生物降解的环境（例如试验中用作阳性对照的材料）时发生生物降解的可能性的方法。该信息可用于提出或评估流体配方的生物降解性声明。 5.2 当流体与环境相互作用时，就会发生生物降解，因此生物降解的程度是液压流体的化学成分以及流体进入时环境的物理、化学和生物状态的函数。本指南无法帮助判断特定环境的状态，因此它不旨在为判断液压流体在任何特定环境中的持久性提供标准，无论是自然环境还是人造环境。 5.3 如果本指南中讨论的任何测试都给出了很高的结果，这意味着液压流体将生物降解，并且不会在所考虑的环境隔间中持续存在。 如果获得的结果较低，并不一定意味着该物质不会在环境中生物降解，而是意味着如果要声称生物降解性，则需要进行进一步的测试。此类测试可能包括但不限于本指南中提到的其他测试或特定环境隔间的模拟测试。

1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation. 1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment. 1.3 This guide addresses releases to the environment that are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid but is not intended to cover situations of major, accidental release. The tests discussed in this guide take a minimum of three to four weeks. Therefore, issues relating to the biodegradability of hydraulic fluid are more effectively addressed before the fluid is used, and thus before incidental release may occur. Nothing in this guide should be taken to relieve the user of the responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula. 5.2 Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made. 5.3 If any of the tests discussed in this guide gives a high result, it implies that the hydraulic fluid will biodegrade and will not persist in the environmental compartment being considered. If a low result is obtained, it does not mean necessarily that the substance will not biodegrade in the environment, but does mean that further testing is required if a claim of biodegradability is to be made. Such testing may include, but is not limited to, other tests mentioned in this guide or simulation tests for a particular environmental compartment.