1.1 这种做法只涉及语言翻译，不包括语言口译。（参见实践 2008年 ，语言口译练习。） 1.2 这种做法确定了与翻译项目的每个阶段（前期制作、制作和后期制作）相关的因素。它旨在供所有可能在翻译领域具有不同水平知识的利益相关者使用。 1.3 这一做法旨在为翻译项目的规范达成一致提供一个框架，以满足最终用户的需求和期望。 1.4 这一做法涉及专业翻译服务中涉及的流程，不提供具体的翻译质量指标。 1.5 这一做法涵盖了各种类型的翻译，包括传统翻译以及本地化和转写翻译（见 3. ). 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 这一做法适用于所有翻译项目，无论选择哪家翻译服务提供商（见第节 7. ). 这种做法不适用于口语或手语口译服务。如需口译，请参阅实习 2008年 ，语言口译练习。 4.2 每个翻译项目都包括三个阶段:前期制作、制作和后期制作（见第节 6. ). 需求和要求因项目而异，因此并非第节中泳道图中列出的所有角色 6. 或第节中概述的所有过程 9 和 10 在每个项目中都需要。申请人应进行需求分析（请参阅第节 5. )以确定需要什么类型的翻译并选择翻译等级。 4.3 应用此做法的翻译项目应根据第节制定规范 8. 在前期制作阶段，在制作阶段遵循这些规范，并在后期根据这些规范评估翻译项目- 生产阶段。 4.4 翻译过程从一种语言的源内容开始，最终以另一种语言创建目标文本。该过程的目的是按照第节中提供的步骤，根据事先商定的规范，生成与源内容相对应的目标文本（称为翻译） 8. . 4.5 本规程在第节中提供了参数列表 8. 应以书面形式处理和记录，以获得一套用于创建和评估翻译的规范。 规范是根据翻译的目的以及请求者和最终用户的需求和期望来定义的。根据为给定产品定义的规范和翻译服务提供商所做的选择，可以有许多正确的翻译。

1.1 This practice addresses only language translation and excludes language interpreting. (See Practice F2089 , Practice for Language Interpreting.) 1.2 This practice identifies factors relevant to each phase of a translation project (pre-production, production, and post-production). It is intended for use by all stakeholders who may have varying levels of knowledge in the field of translation. 1.3 This practice is designed to provide a framework for agreement on specifications for translation projects that will meet the needs and expectations of the end user. 1.4 This practice addresses the processes involved in professional translation services and does not provide specific translation quality metrics. 1.5 This practice covers various types of translation, including conventional translation and translation in localization and transcreation (see Section 3 ). 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice is intended to apply to all translation projects regardless of the translation service provider selected (see Section 7 ). This practice does not apply to spoken or signed interpreting services. For interpreting, please consult Practice F2089 , Practice for Language Interpreting. 4.2 Every translation project consists of three phases: pre-production, production, and post-production (see Section 6 ). Needs and requirements vary from project to project, hence not all roles listed in the swim lane diagram provided in Section 6 or all of the processes outlined in Sections 9 and 10 will be required necessarily in every project. Requesters should conduct a Needs Analysis (see Section 5 ) to determine what type of translation is needed and to select a translation grade. 4.3 A translation project applying this practice shall develop specifications according to Section 8 in the pre-production phase, follow those specifications during the production phase, and evaluate the translation project according to those specifications in the post-production phase. 4.4 The process of translation begins with source content in one language and results in the creation of a target text in another language. The aim of the process is to produce a target text (called the translation) that corresponds to the source content, according to specifications agreed upon in advance following the steps provided in Section 8 . 4.5 This practice provides a list of parameters in Section 8 that shall be addressed and documented in writing to obtain a set of specifications used to create and evaluate the translation. Specifications are defined in terms of the purpose of the translation and the needs and expectations of the requester and end user. There can be many correct translations, depending on the specifications defined for a given product and the choices made by the translation service provider.