1.1 这些规程涵盖了膜过滤器（MF）和标准倾注扩散板上菌落计数和菌落形成单位（CFU）报告的推荐程序。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 许多ASTM试验方法和实践（例如:试验方法 D5259 和 D5392 ，和实践 D6974 和 E2563 )报告菌落计数作为其测量参数。 4.2 这些实践为ASTM微生物学试验方法提供了一套统一的计数、计算和报告程序。 部分 A-膜过滤器上的菌落计数 6. B-在倾注板上计数菌落 7. C-扩散板上的菌落计数 8. 4.3 计数规则提供了样本中微生物的最佳估计值，因为样本不能在以后保存和重新分析。

1.1 These practices cover recommended procedures for counting colonies and reporting colony-forming units (CFU) on membrane filters (MF) and standard pour and spread plates. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Numerous ASTM test methods and practices (for example: Test Methods D5259 and D5392 , and Practices D6974 and E2563 ) report colony counts as their measured parameter. 4.2 These practices provide a uniform set of counting, calculating, and reporting procedures for ASTM test methods in microbiology. Section A—Counting Colonies on Membrane Filters 6 B—Counting Colonies on Pour Plates 7 C—Counting Colonies on Spread Plates 8 4.3 The counting rules provide a best attainable estimate of microorganisms in the sample, since the samples cannot be held and reanalyzed at a later date.