1.1 通过对单个样本的多次测量结果进行统计分析，或通过对多个样本的测量（以适当者为准），可以减少与物体颜色样本的平均颜色或色差测量相关的可变性。 1.2 该实践提供了一种用于确定将可变性降低到相关颜色或色差公差的预定分数所需的测量次数的方法。 1.3 这种做法是一般性的，而不是具体的文书或材料。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 当测量的色标或色差标度值要与确定的公差进行比较时，应使用此做法。通过这种方式，可以定量地证明采样和测量程序足以明确决定平均结果是否在公差范围内。 5.2 本规程假设，对于所考虑的材料和一组指定的色标，已经确定了相关的颜色或色差公差（见规程 D3134 ). 5.3 为了方便起见，附录中的数值示例使用CIELAB LCH （亮度、色度、色调）色差标度Δ L *, Δ C * ab ，和Δ H * ab （参见实践 D2244 和实践 E308 )，但这并不意味着具有限制性。 注1: 某些坐标，如CIE x、 y，y ，由于过度共线，不遵循本标准的理论。虽然它还没有经过测试，但在1960年也可以观察到同样的共线问题 u、 v 和1976年 u ′ v ′ 协调。 表1 提供了用于此实践的适当和不适当颜色坐标的列表。 5.4 本规程以SAE J 1545的部分内容为基础，适用于涂漆或塑料汽车零件。 它通常适用于各种材料中的对象颜色。织物等有纹理的材料可能需要特别考虑（参见SAE J 1545和STP 15D《数据表示和控制图分析手册》 4. ).

1.1 Reduction of the variability associated with average color or color-difference measurements of object-color specimens is achieved by statistical analysis of the results of multiple measurements on a single specimen, or by measurement of multiple specimens, whichever is appropriate. 1.2 This practice provides a means for the determination of the number of measurements required to reduce the variability to a predetermined fraction of the relevant color or color-difference tolerances. 1.3 This practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice should be used whenever measured color-scale or color-difference-scale values are to be compared to an established tolerance. In this way it can be demonstrated quantitatively that the sampling and measurement procedures are adequate to allow an unambiguous decision as to whether or not the mean results are within tolerance. 5.2 This practice assumes that, for the material under consideration and a specified set of color scales, relevant color or color-difference tolerances have been established (see Practice D3134 ). 5.3 For convenience, the numerical example in the Appendix uses CIELAB LCH (lightness, chroma, hue) color difference scales Δ L *, Δ C * ab , and Δ H * ab (see Practice D2244 and Practice E308 ), but this is not meant to be restrictive. Note 1: Some coordinates, such as CIE x, y, Y , do not follow the theories of this standard due to excessive collinearity. While it has not been tested, this same collinearity problem may also be observed in 1960 u, v and 1976 u ′ , v ′ coordinates. Table 1 provides a listing of the appropriate and inappropriate color coordinates for use with this practice. 5.4 This practice is based on portions of SAE J 1545, as it applies to painted or plastic automotive parts. It is generally applicable to object colors in various materials. Textured materials, such as textiles, may require special consideration (see SAE J 1545 and STP 15D Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis 4 ).