为了遵守消毒副产品法规，许多 公用事业公司已经选择使用氯胺而不是氯来进行清洁 饮用水分配系统的剩余维护。 然而，改用氯胺可能会暴露这些系统 另一个健康风险是铅浓度增加。这 这项研究调查了自由基存在时铅的总释放量 饮用水中产生的氯和氯胺残留物 来自地面、地表、脱盐和混合水源。 对于脱盐和混合成品水而言，总水量更大 在氯胺存在的情况下，铅的释放量比在氯胺存在的情况下要大 游离氯的存在。 很少有研究关注氧化还原的效果 金属释放电位。这项工作验证了理论的正确性 根据大量现场数据预测，氯胺 氧化还原电位低于游离氯氧化还原电位 在同等管道和配电系统环境下； 然而，释放的铅在氧化还原电位较低的氯胺中 环境比低氧化还原电位下更高 氯环境。 本文将氧化还原电位与pH值及控制因素联系起来 固体铅相用于铅释放，并证明理论上 热力学图是预测的实用工具 配电系统中铅（可能还有其他金属）的释放。 选择氯胺进行剩余维护的公用事业经理 可以使用这些信息来帮助避免潜在的违规问题 主导行动层面。包括39个参考文献、表格和图表。

To comply with disinfection byproduct regulations, many utilities have chosen to use chloramines rather than chlorine for residual maintenance in drinking water distribution systems. However, the switch to chloramines may expose these systems to another health risk, increased concentrations of lead. This study investigated total lead release in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine residuals in drinking waters produced from ground, surface, desalinated, and blended water sources. For both desalinated and blended finished waters, more total lead was released in the presence of chloramines than in the presence of free chlorine. Little research has focused on the effect of oxidation-reduction potentials on metal release. This work verified theoretical predictions from extensive field data that showed the chloramine redox potential was lower that the free chlorine redox potential under equivalent pipe and distribution system environments; however, the released lead in the lower redox potential chloramine environment was higher than in the lower redox potential chlorine environment. The article relates redox potential to pH and the controlling solid lead phase for lead release and demonstrates that theoretical thermodynamic diagrams are practical tools for predicting release of lead (and perhaps other metals) in distribution systems. Utility managers who select chloramines for residual maintenance can use this information to help avoid potential problems of violating the lead action level. Includes 39 references, tables, figures.