1.1 本指南用于在进行电气泄漏位置调查之前将泄漏放置在土工膜中。土工膜可以裸露（未覆盖），也可以被水或潮湿土壤覆盖。 1.2 本指南旨在作为额外的质量控制/质量保证（QC/QA）措施，以确保通过土工膜的泄漏是可检测的，现场条件适合进行泄漏位置调查，并进行有效和完整的泄漏位置调查。由于各种泄漏位置从业人员使用各种设备进行这些调查，并且具有广泛的专业知识，因此业主或业主代表放置泄漏有助于确保正确、完整地进行泄漏位置调查。 1.3 应在所有相关方，特别是土工膜“所有人”的同意和知情的情况下放置渗漏物。 土工膜通常由专门的土工合成材料安装人员购买和安装，他们“拥有”土工膜，直到所有权转移给最终用户。应与业主、顾问、土工合成材料安装人员和泄漏位置承包商召开项目会议。业主或顾问或双方应明确说明造成泄漏的意图，各方应了解泄漏的范围和数量。顾问应向衬砌承包商大致确定一个测试后易于修复的位置。所有泄漏都应包含在衬里文件和维修记录图纸中，这一点至关重要。 1.4 泄漏位置测量可用于安装在水池、池塘、储罐、矿石和废物垫、填埋单元、填埋盖和其他围堵设施中的土工膜。该程序适用于由电绝缘材料制成的土工膜。 ( 警告- 用于土工膜泄漏定位的电气方法可能使用高电压，导致触电或触电的可能性。由于可能在水中或附近进行作业，这种危险可能会增加。特别是，水或接地材料与接地或任何接地导体之间可能存在高压。这些程序可能非常危险，并可能导致人身伤害或死亡。用于土工膜泄漏位置的电气方法只能由合格且经验丰富的人员尝试。应采取适当的安全措施，保护泄漏位置的操作员以及现场的其他人员。） 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 土工膜用作低渗透屏障，以控制液体从垃圾填埋场、池塘和其他容器中泄漏。这些液体可能含有污染物，如果释放，可能会对环境造成损害。泄漏的液体也会侵蚀路基。泄漏可能导致产品损失或以其他方式阻止装置实现其预期的密封目的。 由于这些原因，土工膜的渗漏量应尽可能小。 4.2 即使路基准备质量、铺设在土工膜上的材料质量和工艺质量不存在缺陷，也可能导致土工膜泄漏。 4.3 电气泄漏定位方法是一种有效的最终质量保证（QA）措施，用于定位电气绝缘土工膜中先前未检测到的泄漏。这些实施的实践包含在指南中 D6747 和实践 D7002 , D7007 , D7240 , D7703 , D7953 和 D8265 . 4.4 重要的是要认识到，泄漏检测不仅取决于泄漏定位设备的能力、程序和泄漏定位从业人员的经验，还取决于不受泄漏定位从业人员控制的当地现场条件。 特别是，为了检测泄漏，应通过泄漏以及泄漏上方和下方的材料形成导电路径，以允许足够的电流通过泄漏进行检测。一些现场条件，如渗漏不与路基、干土工布或渗漏上方或下方的土工合成材料接触；泄漏上方或下方的干燥材料；土工膜上方和下方材料之间的隔离度；和其他因素，可能妨碍泄漏检测。因此，使用适当放置的泄漏点也是对现场准备和条件的测试。 4.5 如果未检测到泄漏，则使用适当的相关ASTM国际标准进行的泄漏位置调查不一定有效。仍可能检测到局部条件更有利且泄漏更大的其他泄漏。 4.6 盲泄漏的重要性在于提供额外的措施，以评估整个测量区域的现场条件是否适合进行泄漏位置测量，以及是否正确、完整地进行了漏电位置测量。盲泄漏的使用提供了:( 1. )a检查设备是否正常工作( 2. )适当调查覆盖率的测试，以及( 3. )检查所有调查数据（结果）是否已评估，以确认已完成适当的调查。所有这些都会导致检测到严重泄漏的可能性很高。 4.7 盲泄漏的放置不应取代雇佣信誉良好且合格的泄漏位置从业人员进行电气泄漏位置调查。许多特定于现场的问题和技术限制可能会妨碍泄漏检测，但非专家将发现难以确定- 泄漏检测是由于测量性能错误或现场条件问题引起的。因此，重要的是要圆满解决未检测到泄漏的任何问题，但更重要的是，在聘用前检查泄漏位置从业人员的参考资料和资格。除了检查以前客户的参考资料外，资格认证还应包括至少三个已完成项目的报告，这些项目的横截面与发现泄漏的拟建项目类似。报告输出应提供无可辩驳的证据，证明调查进行得有效。 4.8 需要注意的是，泄漏位置可能会影响覆盖土壤或水或两者的土工膜的电气泄漏位置测量的灵敏度。如果泄漏的位置大于衬里系统中存在的泄漏，则可能无法检测到这些较小的泄漏，尤其是对于高导电性覆盖材料。

1.1 This guide is for placing leaks in geomembranes before performing an electrical leak location survey. The geomembranes can be bare (not covered) or can be covered with water or moist soil. 1.2 This guide is intended to serve as an additional quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) measure to ensure that leaks through the geomembrane are detectable, site conditions are proper for leak location surveys, and a valid and complete leak location survey is performed. Because various leak location practitioners use a wide variety of equipment to perform these surveys and have a wide range of expertise, placement of leaks by the owner or owner’s representative helps ensure that the leak location survey is being performed correctly and completely. 1.3 Placing leaks should be done with the consent and knowledge of all involved parties and specifically the “owner” of the geomembrane. Geomembranes are typically purchased and installed by dedicated geosynthetic installers who “own” the geomembrane until the ownership gets transferred to the end user. A project meeting should be set up with the owner, the consultant, the geosynthetic installers, and the leak location contractor. The intention to create leaks should be clearly stated by the owner or consultants or both, and the scope and number to be placed should be understood by all parties. The consultant should broadly identify to the lining contractor a location that can be easily repaired after the test. It is critical that all leaks be included on the liner documentation and repair record drawing. 1.4 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of electrically insulating materials. ( Warning— The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earth material and earth ground or any grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially very dangerous and can result in personal injury or death. The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures shall be taken to protect the leak location operators as well as other people at the site.) 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Geomembranes are used as low-permeability barriers to control liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can also erode the subgrade. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical. 4.2 Geomembrane leaks can result even when the quality of the subgrade preparation, the quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, and the quality of the workmanship are not deficient. 4.3 Electrical leak location methods are an effective final quality assurance (QA) measure to locate previously undetected leaks in electrically insulating geomembranes. Practices for these implementations are contained in Guide D6747 and Practices D7002 , D7007 , D7240 , D7703 , D7953 , and D8265 . 4.4 It is important to realize that the detection of leaks depends not only on the capabilities of the leak location equipment, procedures, and experience of the leak location practitioner, but also on local site conditions that are not under the control of the leak location practitioner. In particular, to detect a leak, there shall be an electrical conduction path through the leak and through the materials above and below the leak to allow sufficient electrical current through the leak for detection. Some site conditions, such as a leak not making contact with the subgrade, dry geotextile, or geocomposite above or below the leak; dry materials above or below the leak; degree of isolation between the materials above and below the geomembrane; and other factors, may preclude the detection of leaks. Therefore, the use of a properly placed leak is also a test of site preparations and conditions. 4.5 It is not necessarily proper to conclude that, if a leak is not detected, a leak location survey using the proper relevant ASTM International standard has no validity. Other leaks that have more favorable local conditions and larger leaks may still be detected. 4.6 The importance of blind leaks is to provide an additional measure to assess whether the site conditions throughout the entire survey area are proper for a leak location survey and that the electric leak location survey is performed correctly and completely. The use of blind leaks provides: ( 1 ) a check that the equipment is operating properly, ( 2 ) a test for proper survey coverage, and ( 3 ) a check that all survey data (results) have been assessed to confirm a proper survey has been done. These all result in a high likelihood that significant-sized leaks are detected. 4.7 The placement of blind leaks should not replace hiring a reputable and qualified leak location practitioner to perform the electrical leak location survey. Many site-specific issues and technical limitations can preclude the detection of leaks, but a non-expert will find it difficult to impossible to determine whether the non-detection of leaks is due to survey performance errors or issues with site conditions. It is therefore important to achieve a satisfactory resolution to any issues with the non-detection of leaks but, much more importantly, to check leak location practitioner references and qualifications before hiring. In addition to checking references from previous clients, qualifications should include reports from at least three projects completed, similar in cross section to the proposed project, where leaks were found. The report output should provide indisputable evidence that the survey was performed effectively. 4.8 It is important to note that the placement of leaks may affect the sensitivity of the electrical leak location survey for geomembranes covered with soil or water or both. The placement of leaks larger than the leaks present in the lining system may preclude detection of those smaller leaks, especially for highly conductive cover materials.