1.1 本规程涵盖了评估复合材料、复合橡胶和固化橡胶的化学成分、化学和物理性能的测试，这些测试通常可以通过一种或多种测试方法进行。当有不止一种测试方法可用时，会出现两个问题:哪种测试方法对所评估的基本特性有更好（或最好）的响应或区别？哪种测试方法的误差最小？这两个特性共同决定了测试方法的一种技术优点，可以将其指定为测试灵敏度。 1.2 尽管如本规程所述，需要进行全面详细的处理，以充分了解测试灵敏度，但此处可以给出简化的概念定义。测试灵敏度是评估的基本特性的辨别能力与测量误差或不确定度的比率，表示为标准偏差。 判别能力越大，测试误差越低，测试灵敏度越好。借用电子学中的术语，这个比率经常被称为信噪比；与辨别功率相对应的信号和与测试测量误差相对应的噪声。因此，本规程描述了如何评估橡胶制造业中使用的测试方法的测试灵敏度（通常定义为信噪比），这些测试方法测量典型的物理和化学特性 1.3 。 1.3 本规程不涉及阈值限值或最小检测限值（MDL）在以下应用中的灵敏度问题( 1. )复合材料的有意变化对测量的复合物性能的影响，或( 2. )对低或微量成分水平的评估。 最低检测限值是单独标准的主题。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本规程的内容如下: 部分 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 实践总结 4. 意义和用途 5. 测量过程 6. 测试灵敏度概念的发展 （绝对和相对试验灵敏度、有限和扩展范围试验灵敏度、均匀和非均匀试验灵敏度） 7. 执行测试灵敏度评估程序的步骤 8. 测试灵敏度评估报告 9 关键词 10 附件A1 --背景:线性回归分析的使用和测试灵敏度评估的精度 附录X1 --相对测试灵敏度评估的两个例子: 相对测试灵敏度:有限范围——三个可加工性测试 相对测试灵敏度:扩展范围——顺应性与模量 附录X2 --背景:简单分析测试的标度变换和绝对灵敏度推导 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 5.1 进行测试是为了对材料、工艺和产品做出技术决策。随着用于评估科学和技术特性的可用测试方法的不断增长，需要一种定量方法来选择具有高（或最高）质量或技术优点的测试方法。 本规程中定义的程序可用于此目的，以使测试尽可能具有成本效益。 5.2 过去经常使用的测试方法技术优点和隐含灵敏度的一个指标是测试方法的精度。精度通常表示为定义的测试领域的测试测量标准偏差的倍数。尽管精度是测试灵敏度所需的数量，但它是一个不完整的特征（仅为必要信息的一半），因为它没有考虑被评估FP（或成分）的辨别能力。 5.3 任何基于测试测量标准偏差比或方差比来评估两种不同测试方法的相对测试灵敏度的尝试，都缺乏任何辨别力信息内容，构成了灵敏度或技术优点评估的无效定量基础。 只有在比较中的两种测试方法直接成比例或相互关联的特殊条件下，变异系数比（归一化为平均值）才能构成有效的测试灵敏度评估。如果两种测试方法之间的关系是非线性或截距为非零的线性，则变化率系数不等于本实践中定义的真实测试灵敏度。请参阅中的示例讨论 X1.1.4 .本规程引入的由测试灵敏度及其各种分类、类别和类型定义的优值允许进行真实的定量测试灵敏度评估。

1.1 This practice covers testing to evaluate chemical constituents, chemical and physical properties of compounding materials, and compounded and cured rubbers, which may frequently be conducted by one or more test methods. When more than one test method is available, two questions arise: Which test method has the better (or best) response to or discrimination for the underlying fundamental property being evaluated? and Which test method has the least error? These two characteristics collectively determine one type of technical merit of test methods that may be designated as test sensitivity. 1.2 Although a comprehensive and detailed treatment, as given by this practice, is required for a full appreciation of test sensitivity, a simplified conceptual definition may be given here. Test sensitivity is the ratio of discrimination power for the fundamental property evaluated to the measurement error or uncertainty, expressed as a standard deviation. The greater the discriminating power and the lower the test error, the better is the test sensitivity. Borrowing from the terminology in electronics, this ratio has frequently been called the signal-to-noise ratio; the signal corresponding to the discrimination power and the noise corresponding to the test measurement error. Therefore, this practice describes how test sensitivity, generically defined as the signal-to-noise ratio, may be evaluated for test methods used in the rubber manufacturing industry, which measure typical physical and chemical properties, with exceptions as noted in 1.3 . 1.3 This practice does not address the topic of sensitivity for threshold limits or minimum detection limits (MDL) in such applications as ( 1 ) the effect of intentional variations of compounding materials on measured compound properties or ( 2 ) the evaluation of low or trace constituent levels. Minimum detection limits are the subject of separate standards. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 The content of this practice is as follows: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Practice 4 Significance and Use 5 Measurement Process 6 Development of Test Sensitivity Concepts (Absolute and Relative Test Sensitivity, Limited and Extended Range Test Sensitivity, Uniform and Nonuniform Test Sensitivity) 7 Steps in Conducting a Test Sensitivity Evaluation Program 8 Report for Test Sensitivity Evaluation 9 Keywords 10 Annex A1 —Background on: Use of Linear Regression Analysis and Precision of Test Sensitivity Evaluation Appendix X1 —Two Examples of Relative Test Sensitivity Evaluation: Relative Test Sensitivity: Limited Range—Three Processability Tests Relative Test Sensitivity: Extended Range—Compliance versus Modulus Appendix X2 —Background on: Transformation of Scale and Derivation of Absolute Sensitivity for a Simple Analytical Test 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Testing is conducted to make technical decisions on materials, processes, and products. With the continued growth in the available test methods for evaluating scientific and technical properties, a quantitative approach is needed to select test methods that have high (or highest) quality or technical merit. The procedures as defined in this practice may be used for this purpose to make testing as cost effective as possible. 5.2 One index of test method technical merit and implied sensitivity frequently used in the past has been test method precision. The precision is usually expressed as some multiple of the test measurement standard deviation for a defined testing domain. Although precision is a required quantity for test sensitivity, it is an incomplete characteristic (only one half of the necessary information) since it does not consider the discrimination power for the FP (or constituent) being evaluated. 5.3 Any attempt to evaluate relative test sensitivity for two different test methods on the basis of test measurement standard deviation ratios or variance ratios, which lack any discrimination power information content, constitutes an invalid quantitative basis for sensitivity, or technical merit evaluation. Coefficient of variation ratios (which are normalized to the mean) may constitute a valid test sensitivity evaluation only under the special condition where the two test methods under comparison are directly proportional or reciprocally related to each other. If the relationship between two test methods is nonlinear or linear with a nonzero intercept, the coefficient of variation ratios are not equivalent to the true test sensitivity as defined in this practice. See discussion of example in X1.1.4 . The figure of merit defined by test sensitivity and its various classifications, categories, and types as introduced by this practice permits an authentic quantitative test sensitivity evaluation.