膜生物吸附研究的刺激因素是需要找到一种经济实用的方法来清洗含有稀释金属离子的大型水系统。该想法的主要假设和理念是利用工程方法强化的自然生物过程。本文提出了一种新的高效分离技术——膜生物吸附技术，该技术基于集成系统，包括超滤对生物质表面金属离子的生物吸附。该系统的基本特点是使用始终存在于水环境中的天然生物质。膜的作用是确保生物质与金属离子的适当接触。当细胞在膜表面被分离，而金属离子的亚精酸根通过膜时，这可以通过无滤过过程实现。这一概念假设了由于反应剂浓度增加而在膜附近产生的协同效应。 为了实现生物吸附过程的高容量（通量）高选择性，必须完全控制层。生物膜必须具有渗透性，足够薄，以确保高通量。另一方面，它必须足够紧凑和密集，以捕获所有通过它的离子。薄膜最重要的特点是在过程中更新，以保持吸附能力，避免与金属饱和。膜类型的正确选择，以及随后的操作条件，能够形成一层薄薄的生物物质，可以通过多种方式进行更新。饱和前，生物膜可能会被涂污、清除、反冲或去除。包括10个参考文献、图表。

The stimulus for research on membrane biosorption was the need to find aneconomic and realistic method for cleaning large water systems containing dilutedmetal ions. The main assumption and philosophy of the idea is to take advantageof natural biological processes enhanced with engineering methods. The paperpresents a new effective separation technique--membrane biosorption, based onintegrated system, which comprises biosorption of metal ions on biomass withultrafiltration. The essential feature of the system is the use of naturalbiomass always existing in a water environment. The membrane's role is to ensurethe proper contact of biomass with the metal ions. This can be achieved with anultrafiltration process when cells are separated on the membrane surface, whereaspermeate with metal ions passes through the membrane. The concept assumes thesynergetic effects that occur at the membrane vicinity due to increasing reagentconcentration. To attain high selectivity with high capacity (flux) of thebiosorption process, the layers must be fully controlled. The film of the biomassmust be permeable and thin enough to ensure high flux. On the other hand thismust be sufficiently compact and dense to entrap all ions passing through it. Themost important feature of the film is its renewal during the process to maintainthe sorption capacity and to avoid saturation with metals. The proper selectionof the membrane type and subsequently, the operation conditions, enables a thinlayer of biomass to form that can be renewed in many ways. Biofilm may beskimmed, swept-out, backflushed or removed prior to saturation. Includes 10 references, figures.