本文更新了美国水务协会研究基金会发布的国际水分配系统腐蚀的数据。该研究得出以下结论:1）增加pH值可以减少水系统中的腐蚀问题和损坏。通过曝气可以增加坚硬矿化水的pH值，而不会增加酸碱度。通过添加石灰、纯碱或苛性钠等碱性溶液，可以提高低矿化度软酸性水的pH值。另一种通常用于小型系统的替代方法是粒状石灰石床过滤。 这将以最有效且最便宜的方式增加碱度和钙含量。它本质上是一个自我调节的化学加料系统。美国环境保护局赞助开发诺模图和计算机程序，帮助确定石灰石接触器的尺寸和运行时间。2） 如果仅通过pH值调整无法充分改善水质，或者如果材料质量需要进一步减少腐蚀，则引入抑制剂可能会有所帮助。3） 关于向饮用水中添加化学品的限制性法规允许添加磷酸盐和硅酸盐。在美国。 在美国，这些酸的钠、钾和钙盐被用作抑制剂，锌化合物被用作双金属抑制剂。欧洲法规不允许使用锌。美国和加拿大的新废水环境法规限制了其使用。4） 受控实验室试验表明，正磷酸盐、混合正聚磷酸盐、硅酸盐及其混合物对不同金属材料的缓蚀效果差异很大。5） 有必要通过在待处理的水和待保护的材料上测试来评估和优化选择的抑制剂。 6） 通常，聚磷酸盐对缓蚀或减少金属吸收没有积极作用。由于聚磷酸盐的络合特性，腐蚀和金属吸收率通常会增加，这会导致金属盐的溶解度增加或形成保护层减少。7） 如果腐蚀产物或腐蚀金属可以形成不溶性磷酸盐，并通过增加其抗渗性和粘附性来改善涂层质量，则正磷酸盐通常具有抑制作用。腐蚀产物溶解度低，减少了水对金属的吸收。 8） 除热水、极低TOS、pH值水或混合物外，硅酸盐通常是效果较差的缓蚀剂。硅酸盐化合物的碱性导致pH值升高，从而增强了观察到的效果。

This paper updates the data presented in the American Water Works Association Research Foundation publication International Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems. The research concludes the following: 1) Corrosion problems and damage in water systems can be reduced by increasing pH. The pH of hard, mineralized waters can be increased by aeration without increasing and alkalinity. The pH of soft, low mineralized acid waters can be increased by addition of an alkaline solution such as lime, soda ash, or caustic soda. Another alternative, often used in small systems, is granular limestone bed filtration. This increases alkalinity and calcium content in a most effective and least expensive manner. It is essentially a self-regulating chemical feed system. The EPA has sponsored the development of nomographs and computer programs that assist in determining size and operation time of limestone contactors. 2) If water quality cannot be improved sufficiently by pH adjustment alone, or if the quality of materials requires further corrosion reduction, the introduction of an inhibitor can be helpful. 3) Restrictive regulations on the addition of chemicals to drinking water allow phosphate and silicate dosing. In the U.S., the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of these acids are used inhibitors, and zinc compounds are used as bimetallic inhibitors. The use of zinc is not permitted by European regulations. Its use is now being restricted by new wastewater environmental regulation in the U.S. and Canada. 4) Controlled laboratory tests have shown that the corrosion inhibiting effects of orthophosphate, blended ortho- polyphosphates, silicates, and their mixtures on different metallic materials vary considerably. 5) It is necessary to evaluate and optimize the inhibitors of choice by testing them on the water to be treated and on material to be protected. 6) Generally, polyphosphates have no positive effect on either corrosion inhibition or the reduction of metal uptake. Increased corrosion and metal uptake rates often occur because of the complexing properties of polyphosphates, which lead to either a higher solubility of metal salts or to the formation of less protective layers. 7) Orthophosphates normally have an inhibiting effect if the corrosion products or the corroding metal can form insoluble phosphates and improve the layer quality by increasing its impermeability and adherence. Corrosion produces have a low solubility and reduce the metal uptake of the water. 8) Silicates are generally less effective corrosion inhibitors except for hot water, very low TOS, pH water, or in blends. The observed effects are enhanced by the pH increase caused by the alkaline character of the silicate compounds.