生物活性过滤器（BAF）是 应用于饮用水处理 清除污染物，如天然污染物 微量有机物硝酸盐， 高氯酸盐、硫酸盐、铁和 锰。曝气生物滤池和其他生物滤池 水处理工艺利用 代谢污染物的微生物群落 通过介导氧化- 还原反应。 这项研究首先是为了 解决缺乏微生物知识的问题 BAFs和相关设施中的社区 上游和下游的处理装置 第二，找出控制或控制的方法 提高过滤性能。全面的 回顾了最先进的技术 了解BAF及其操作系统 参数和微生物 生物活性的控制方法 在过滤器里。 生物膜厚度的控制与生产 微生物群落完全适应 目标污染物构成重大威胁 科学和工程挑战。更好的 对微生物群落的理解 BAFs将帮助确定解决方案 优化其性能，缓解担忧 关于致病性突破，以及 降低运营成本。包括127个参考文献、表格、图表。

Biologically active filters (BAFs) are applied in drinking water treatment to remove contaminants such as natural organic matter, nitrate, trace organic compounds, perchlorate, sulfate, iron, and manganese. BAFs and other biological water treatment processes make use of microbial communities to metabolize contaminants through mediating oxidation- reduction reactions. This study was undertaken first to address the lack of knowledge about microbial communities in BAFs and associated treatment units upstream and downstream and second to pinpoint ways to control or improve filtration performance. A comprehensive review is provided of state-of-the-art knowledge about BAFs, their operating parameters, and microbiological approaches to control of biological activity in the filters. Controlling biofilm thickness and producing microbial communities fully adapted to targeted contaminants constitute significant scientific and engineering challenges. A better understanding of the microbial communities in BAFs will help identify solutions to optimize their performance, alleviate concerns about pathogenic breakthrough, and lower operating costs.Includes 127 references, table, figure.