美国环境保护局（US Environment Protection Agency）提出了一些法规，可能会对消毒提出更严格的要求，同时限制消毒副产物（DBPs）的允许浓度。这种困境迫使公用事业公司考虑臭氧氧化、强化混凝和生物过滤等处理技术。这些工艺的最佳条件可能与其他处理目标相矛盾，如铁和锰的完全氧化/去除。新泽西州美国水务公司的特拉华河区域水处理厂是一个每天3000万加仑的臭氧处理设施，于1996年4月上线。作为最先进的设施，其处理方案包括臭氧氧化、强化混凝和生物过滤。在运行的最初几个月，在保持充分消毒的同时，对处理进行了优化，以去除颗粒物、浊度和总有机碳（TOC）。 虽然很明显，这产生了质量非常好、生物稳定的水，但在clearwell、工厂废水和分配系统中的几个点检测到低水平的氧化锰。本研究的主要目的是优化去除铁和锰的处理条件，而不会对DBP前体去除和生物过滤产生不利影响。

The US Environmental Protection Agency has proposed regulations that may impose stricter disinfection requirements while limiting the allowable concentrations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This dilemma forces utilities to consider treatment techniques such as ozonation, enhanced coagulation and biological filtration. The optimum conditions for these processes may contradict other treatment objectives such as the complete oxidation/removal of iron and manganese. The New Jersey-American Water Company's Delaware River Regional Water Treatment Plant is a 30 million gallon per day ozone treatment facility that went on-line in April 1996. As a state-of-the-art facility, its treatment scheme consists of ozonation, enhanced coagulation and biological filtration. During the early months of operation, treatment was optimized for particle and turbidity removal and total organic carbon (TOC) removal while maintaining adequate disinfection. While it was clear that this produced very good quality, biologically stable water, low levels of manganese oxide were detected in the clearwell, plant effluent and at several points in the distribution system. The main objective of this study was to optimize treatment conditions for iron and manganese removal without a detrimental effect on DBP precursor removal and biological filtration.