本文对实验室规模的开发和验证进行了研究 膜测试协议，用于为中试和全尺寸操作选择可行的膜。 该选择协议平衡了操作特性（如压力、流量和压力） 污染的可能性），并允许预先选择 潜在可行的候选膜。考虑选择的膜是 以薄膜复合（TFC）聚酰胺膜为特征，包括 商用ULPRO（TFC-ULP，科赫膜系统；XLE， 陶氏/菲姆特克；TMG10，东丽美国；RE-BLR、Saehan）和纳滤（NF）膜产品 （NF-90、NF-270、NF-200和NF-4040，陶氏/Filmtec；TFC-S，科赫膜系统； ESNA1-LF，液压；MX07，Osmonics；东北-90，赛罕）。 选择了三种候选膜，并使用68 L/min（18 gpm）的流速进行测试 本研究期间设计、建造和运行的膜先导橇。这个 三种选定的候选膜分别在实验室进行了至少1300小时的测试 两个全尺寸设施的微滤给水。不同的饲料水代表 非- 西部盆地水回收厂提供的硝化微滤废水 （WBWRP）在加利福尼亚州El Segundo的硝化/反硝化微滤废水中，由 亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔水上校区（SWC）。在中试和试验期间，监测了操作性能和微量有机物、营养物和总有机碳的截留率 与在同一给水系统上运行的全尺寸列车的性能相比 采用常规反渗透膜（即TFC-HR、科赫膜系统和 ESPA2，液压动力）。在几次试验中，飞行员都进行了挑战性测试- 规模 检查在饲料增加期间对微量有机物的排斥 浓度。此外，还选择了性能最好的ULPRO膜进行测试 在6.6 m³/min（2.5-mgd）的全尺寸反渗透（RO）序列中运行5000小时，以进一步验证 中试规模，并确定全规模下的拒收行为和运营成本 条件 这项研究通过最先进的膜特性来辅助 描述NF/ULPRO膜的污染特性及其对运行的作用（例如。， 流量下降）和拒绝。 术后进行了全面的薄膜尸检 每个中试规模测试周期，以确定观测到的通量下降的性质，以及 描述污垢的类型和位置。包括12个参考文献、表格和图表。

This paper presents a study on the development and validation of a laboratory-scale membrane testing protocol to select viable membranes for pilot- and full-scale operation. This selection protocol balanced operational characteristics (such as pressure, flux and potential for fouling) with product water quality and allowed for a pre-selection of potentially viable candidate membranes. Membranes considered for selection were characterized as thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes and included commercially available ULPRO (TFC-ULP, Koch Membrane Systems; XLE, Dow/Filmtec; TMG10, Toray America; RE-BLR, Saehan) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane products (NF-90, NF-270, NF-200 and NF-4040, Dow/Filmtec; TFC-S, Koch Membrane Systems; ESNA1-LF, Hydranautics; MX07, Osmonics; NE-90, Saehan). Three candidate membranes were selected and tested using a 68 L/min (18 gpm) membrane pilot skid that was designed, constructed and operated during this study. The three selected candidate membranes were each tested for at least 1,300 hours on microfiltered feed water at two full-scale facilities. The different feed waters represented non-nitrified microfiltered effluent provided by the West Basin Water Recycling Plant (WBWRP) in El Segundo, CA and nitrified/denitrified microfiltered effluent provided by the Scottsdale Water Campus (SWC), Arizona. Operational performance and rejection of trace organics, nutrients and total organic carbon were monitored during pilot-scale testing and compared to the performance of full-scale trains operating on the same feedwater employing conventional RO membranes (i.e., TFC-HR, Koch Membrane Systems and ESPA2, Hydranautics). During several occasions, challenge tests were conducted at pilot-scale to examine rejection of trace organics during periods of elevated feed concentrations. The best performing ULPRO membrane was also selected for testing over 5,000 hours in a 6.6 m³/min (2.5-mgd) full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) train to further verify findings from pilot-scale and to determine rejection behavior and operating costs under full-scale conditions. The study was assisted through state-of-the-art membrane characterization to describe the fouling character of NF/ULPRO membranes and its role on operation (e.g., flux decline) and rejection. A comprehensive membrane autopsy was performed after each pilot-scale testing period to determine the nature of the observed flux decline and characterize the type and location of fouling. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.